封底与不封底微型蒸发器测定东北典型黑土区土壤蒸发量差异性研究  

A Comparative Study of Soil Evaporativeness Measured with the Sealed and Not Sealed Micro-Lysimeter Placed in the Typical Black Soil Area of Northeast China

作　　者：马富亮[1] 朱小立[1] 符素华[1] 罗广惠 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学地理学与遥感科学学院地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室,北京100875

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2016年第12期7-11,共5页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室资助项目(2012-ZY-05)

摘　　要：土壤水分蒸发既是水循环的一个重要过程,又是水量平衡计算中的重要组成部分。在中国东北典型黑土区分别测定了封底与不封底的微型蒸发器的土壤蒸发量,比较了二者蒸发量差异。结果表明,(1)4—9月封底蒸发器的土壤蒸发量比不封底蒸发器平均高出0.51 mm/d,不封底蒸发器测定的土壤蒸发量更接近真实值;(2)出苗前、生长季和收获后的封底蒸发器的土壤蒸发量均值均大于不封底蒸发器,差异极显著,且封底蒸发器逐月的土壤蒸发量均值大于不封底蒸发器;(3)降雨量对测试结果有重要影响,在降雨量较大的月份,二者蒸发量测定值无显著差异,在其他降雨量小的月份,二者差异显著。因此,在一般条件下建议使用不封底的微型蒸发器测定土壤蒸发会更准确,若研究区域雨水较多,可以使用封底的微型蒸发器测定土壤蒸发。Soil water evaporation is not only an important process of hydrologic cycle, but also an important con- stituent part of the water balance calculation. The soil evaporativeness was measured by the sealed and not sealed micro-lysimeters in the typical black soil area of northeast China. The results showed that： （1） the soil evaporative- ness measured by the sealed micro-lysimeters was 0.51 mm/d higher than that measured by the not sealed one, and the latter was closer to the real value. （2） the soil evaporativeness measured by the sealed micro-lysimeter higher than that measured by the not sealed one in the preemergence, growing season or post-harvest stage, and the t-test result was an extremely significant level. What＇ s more, the soil evaporativeness per month measured by the sealed micro-lysimeter was all higher than that measured by the not sealed one. （3）the precipitation could af- fect the measurement, and there was no significant difference in heavy rain month, while there was significant dif- ference in low rain month between sealed and the not sealed micro-lysimeter. So we recommend generally to us- ing the not sealed micro-lysimeter to measure soil evaporativeness for the more accurate measured value, but in the event of the study area with much more precipitation, the sealed micro-lysimeter could be also used.

关 键 词：微型蒸发器 封底 东北典型黑土区 土壤蒸发 

分 类 号：S152.73[农业科学—土壤学]