北部湾口和南沙群岛西南部海域主要渔获种类的生物学特征及其数量分布  

Spatial Distribution of Biomass and Fishery Biology of Main Commercial Fish in the Mouth of Beibu Bay and the Southwestern Waters of the Nansha Islands

作　　者：张静[1,2] 姚壮[3] 林龙山[3] 李渊[3] 宋普庆[3] 张然[3] 高天翔[1,4] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学水产学院,山东青岛266003 [2]集美大学水产学院,福建厦门361021 [3]国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,福建厦门361005 [4]浙江海洋大学水产学院,浙江舟山316000

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第11期158-167,共10页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：全球变化与海气相互作用专项(GASI-02-SCS-YSWspr;GASI-02-SCS-YSWaut);双边国际事务合作--开展海峡两岸合作与交流项目(2200207)资助~~

摘　　要：根据2012—2013年在北部湾口和南沙群岛西南部海域进行的春、秋季2个航次底拖网调查数据,分析了2个海区的渔获种类组成、主要经济鱼类生物学特征和生物量密度。结果表明,北部湾口海域有竹荚鱼(Trachurus japonicus)、发光鲷(Acropoma japonicum)和蓝圆鲹(Decapterus maruadsi)3种优势种和8种主要种。南沙群岛西南部海域有锯棘尖牙鲈(Synagrops serratospinosus)1种优势种和14种主要种。与历史调查数据对比分析发现,两水域的优势种组成变动显著,发光鲷和尖牙鲈等小型鱼类渔获比例增加,同时经济鱼类如竹荚鱼、蓝圆鲹、短尾大眼鲷(Priacanthus macracanthus)和深水金线鱼(Nemipterus bathybius)个体尺寸有所减小,呈现经济鱼类被小型非经济鱼类取代的趋势。北部湾口和南沙群岛西南部海域的平均生物量密度分别为1 587.8kg/km^2和2 289.2kg/km^2,呈现西南部高北部低、秋季高于春季的特点。Fishery surveys using bottom trawl were conducted in the mouth of Beibu Bay and the southwestern waters of Nansha Islands in the autumn of 2012 and the spring of 2013.Spatial distribution of fishery catches and biology of main commercial fish in the surveyed waters were analyzed.Results showed that there were three dominant species（Trachurus japonicus,Acropoma japonicum and Decapterus maruadsi,IRI500）and 8main species（500IRI100）in the mouth of Beibu Bay,in comparison with one dominant species（Synagrops serratospinosus）and 14 main species,respectively,in the southwestern waters of the Nansha Islands.Compared to the survey data in the corresponding areas conducted in the 1990 s,the current dominant species changed significantly.Traditional commercial fishery species such as Lutjanus sanguineus and Gerres filamentosus were hardly found in the present surveys,while T.japonicus and D.maruadsi had a relatively high catch with large seasonal variation.Furthemore,the catch proportion of A.japonicum and S.serratospinosus had reached 7.8% and42.7%.The individual size and biomass of commercial specie including T.japonicus,D.maruadsi,Priacanthus macracanthus and Nemipterus bathybius became smaller in the past decades.These populations,as the dominant or main species,tended to be replaced by small non-commercial exploited fish in the present surveys.The biomass density of the benthic nekton averaged 1 587.8kg/km^2（1.5~7 521.2kg/km^2）and 2 289.2kg/km^2（28.6~33 745.1kg/km^2）in the mouth of Beibu Bay and the southwestern waters of Nansha Islands,respectively.At present,the commercial fishery species both in the North and South had declined seriously while the fishery resources in the local sea had not been significantly reduced due to the large number of non-commercial fish population that increased.

关 键 词：南海 游泳动物 优势种 渔业生物学 生物量 

分 类 号：P714.2[天文地球—海洋科学]