不同土壤管理措施下坡耕地产流产沙和氮磷流失特征  

Characteristics of Runoff and Sediment,Nitrogen and Phosphorus Losses under Soil Management Measures in Sloping Farmland

作　　者：常松果 胡雪琴[2] 史东梅[1] 丁文斌[1] 蒋平[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学资源环境学院,西南大学水土保持生态环境研究所,重庆400715 [2]重庆医药高等专科学校医学技术系,重庆401331

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2016年第5期34-40,共7页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：重庆市水利局科技项目“紫色丘陵区坡耕地面源污染防治措施的效益评价”(2015);重庆市水利局科技项目;重庆市科委攻关项目(CSTC2013ggyyjsb20002);重庆医药高等专科学校(2015)

摘　　要：采用野外径流小区定位观测法,研究次降雨条件下腐殖酸（HA）、聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）、绿肥（GM）3种土壤管理措施对紫色丘陵区坡耕地产流产沙及氮磷养分流失的影响。结果表明：A型（小雨量、短历时、低雨强）降雨发生频率最高,占降雨样本数的71%,B型（大雨量、长历时、中雨强）和C型（中雨量、中历时、高雨强）降雨是引发土壤侵蚀的主要降雨类型。不同土壤管理措施下侵蚀性降雨的临界降雨量差异不显著,降雨量〉10.0mm时坡面开始产流产沙。A型降雨下产流量：CK（123.49L）〉HA（60.67L）〉GM（53.67L）〉PAM（32.15L）,差异显著（P〈0.05）;产沙量：CK（30.91g）〉HA（10.49g）〉GM（5.50g）〉PAM（5.12g）,CK组与GM组和PAM组差异显著（P〈0.05）。B型降雨下不同土壤管理措施间产流量与产沙量差异不显著（P〉0.05）。C型降雨下产流量：CK（375.45L）〉HA（26L）〉GM（239.00L）〉PAM（182.10L）,CK组与PAM组间差异显著,措施间产沙量差异不显著（P〉0.05）。次降雨条件下各土壤管理措施径流中氮素流失量差异显著,对照组全氮流失量是绿肥和聚丙烯酰胺2.1~2.6倍,水解氮流失量约为绿肥和聚丙烯酰胺2.7倍。不同土壤管理措施径流中磷素流失量总体趋势为：对照〉腐殖酸〉聚丙烯酰胺〉绿肥,差异不显著（P〉0.05）。不同土壤管理措施径流中磷的流失形态主要以水溶态为主。研究结果表明,A型降雨下聚丙烯酰胺、腐殖酸、绿肥减流减沙和减少氮磷流失效益显著,其中聚丙烯酰胺效益最优。The characteristics of runoff and sediment,nitrogen and phosphorus losses under soil management measures in sloping farmland in purple hilly region were studied by the method of runoff plots observation.Soil management measures were humic acid（HA）,polyacrylamide（PAM）,green manure（GM）,and one control group（CK）was set.The results showed that：A-type（minor amount of rainfall,short duration,low rainfall intensity）rainfall occurred more frequently in the study area,which accounted for 71%of the total number of rainfall recorded.However B-type（great amount of rainfall,long duration,moderate rainfall intensity）and C-type（medium amount of rainfall,moderate duration,high rainfall intensity）rainfall were more likely to produce runoff and sediment.Critical rainfall of erosive rainfall of soil management measures were quite approximate,which meant that the sloping farmland began to produce runoff and sediment when rainfall was more than 10 mm.The runoff yield of A-type rainfall：CK（123.49L）HA（60.67L）GM（53.67L）PAM（32.15L）,the difference was significant among soil management measures（P0.05）.Sediment yield：CK（30.91g）HA（10.49g）GM（5.50g）PAM（5.12g）,the sediment yield of control group was significantly different from that of GM and PAM.The difference of runoff and sediment yield among the measures were not significant under B-type rainfall.The runoff yield of A-type rainfall：CK（375.45L）HA（26L）GM（239.00L）PAM（182.10L）,the runoff yield of control group and PAM was signifi-cantly different.No significant difference was found in sediment yield among soil management measures.The nitrogen loss of several conservation practices varied significantly,the total nitrogen loss of control group was 2.1~2.6times of that green manure and polyacrylamide,hydrolysis nitrogen loss was about 2.7times of that green manure and polyacrylamide.The general trend of phosphorus loss in the runoff：The control group green manure humic acidpolyacrylamide,however no significan

关 键 词：产流产沙 氮磷流失 坡耕地 土壤管理措施 紫色丘陵区 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]