不同施肥方式对黑土坡面养分流失的影响  

Effect of Different Fertilization Methods on Nutrient Loss of Black Soil Slope

作　　者：沈奕彤 郭成久[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学水利学院,沈阳110866

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2016年第5期41-45,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：辽宁省自然科学基金项目(20102197)

摘　　要：为了深入了解不同施肥方式对黑土区坡面养分流失的影响,探寻不同施肥方式对黑土坡面养分流失的规律,试验采用室内人工模拟降雨的方法,系统研究了表面喷施和混施2种施肥方法对5种不同容重下的黑土坡面养分流失的影响。试验结果表明：表层喷施和混施对黑土坡面产流过程没有明显影响,2种施肥方法下,坡面径流强度变化情况基本一致,累计径流量也均随着降雨历时的延长呈线性增长关系。施肥方法对径流中氮磷钾浓度变化却有着极显著的影响。不论土壤容重增大或变小,在产流初期,表层喷施处理下的溶质浓度远高于对应的混施处理,表层喷施坡面径流中硝态氮、可溶性磷和钾离子初始产流浓度分别为对应混施处理的2.6~3.2倍,2.1~2.6倍和1.7~2.1倍。从养分流失总量来看,在相同容重条件下硝态氮、可溶性磷、速效钾流失量在表层喷施条件下分别是混施的9~11倍,7~10倍和3~6倍,并随着土壤容重增加,表层喷施与混施两种施肥方法下的硝态氮和钾离子的流失量差距缩小,而磷离子流失量差距则有所增大。当土壤容重小于1.2g/cm3时,表层喷施幂函数拟合系数要高于混施,当坡面土壤容重大于等于1.2g/cm3时,混施拟合系数高于表层喷施。In order to better understand the effects of different fertilization methods on black soil region slopes nutrient loss,exploring different fertilization methods on black soil nutrient loss of slope law,this test used indoor artificial simulated rainfall method systematically to study the influence of surface spraying and mixed fertilization on nutrient loss in black slope under five different soil bulk densities.The results showed that：Surface spraying and mixed fertilization on the black soil had no significant effect on slop runoff process,two fertilization methods,runoff intensity changes were basically the same,the cumulative rainfall runoff also increased with duration extended linear growth relationship.Fertilization of NPK concentration changed in runoff,had a very significant impact.Regardless of soil bulk density increased or decreased in the early runoff,solute concentration at the surface spraying process was much higher than the corresponding mixed fertilization processing,surface runoff spraying nitrate,soluble phosphorus and potassium ions initially runoff concentrations corresponded to 2.6~3.2,2.1~2.6and 1.7~2.1times the combined application process.The total amount of nutrient loss from the point of view,under the same conditions nitrate density,soluble phosphorus,potassium loss volume mixed fertilization were 9~11,7~10and 3~6times at the surface spraying conditions.And with the increase of soil bulk density,surface spraying and mixed fertilization and potassium nitrate loss of two fertilization methods gap narrowed,while the gap between the amount of phosphorus ions loss increased.When the soil bulk density was less than 1.2g/cm3 the power function fit factors in surface spraying was higher than that in mixed fertilization,when the slope soil bulk density was greater than or equal to 1.2g/cm3,the mixed fertilization fitting coefficient was higher than the surface spraying.

关 键 词：表层喷施 混施 黑土坡面 模拟降雨 养分流失 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]