近60年来汾河上游汛期悬移质输沙量变化及驱动力分析  

The Variation of Suspended Sediment Load in Rainy Season and Its Driving Factors in the Upper Fen River Watershed in Recent 60 Years

作　　者：张鸾[1] 郭伟[1] 苏常红[1] 潘玉娟 

机构地区：[1]山西大学黄土高原研究所,太原030006 [2]北京水保生态工程咨询有限公司,北京100055

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2016年第5期64-68,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：山西省青年科技研究基金项目(2013021031-3);国家自然科学基金项目(41471097)

摘　　要：利用汾河上游出口控制站兰村水文站1954—2013年汛期降雨、径流和输沙实测资料,采用线性趋势分析和双累积曲线法分析了汾河上游汛期悬移质输沙变化特征和驱动力对输沙的影响。结果表明,(1)近60年来汾河上游汛期悬移质输沙量和径流量下降显著,且输沙量变化幅度大于径流量。(2)近60年来汾河上游汛期降雨量变化不显著,但降雨量与径流量(P<0.01)、降雨量和输沙量(P<0.01)均显著线性相关。(3)近60年来特别是2000年以后汾河上游发生洪水特别是较大洪水的次数显著减少。(4)近60年汾河上游悬移质输沙量的变化大致分为4个阶段,1959年、1981年和2002年是3个转折点。1959年以前主要受降雨和径流的影响;1959—1981年,汾河水库的修建是悬移质输沙量减少的主要驱动力;1981—2002年,降水减少、经济活动和水土保持使得径流量减少,输沙能力减弱;2002年以后,降雨减少特别是暴雨减少,经济活动和水土保持使得径流量和输沙量继续减少,而汾河二库的建设,则使得兰村站悬移质输沙量变为0。Fen River watershed was located in the middle reaches of the Yellow River.The variation of runoff volume and sediment load in this area especially the upper watershed had an indicating significance to the change of water-sand regime of the Yellow River.The Lancun station was the most important hydrological monitoring station on the upper Fen River.Based on runoff,suspended sediment load data observed at Lancun station in rainy season from 1954 to 2013,the characteristics and driving factors of suspended sediment load variation were analyzed by using linear trend analysis.The results showed that the declined trend of sediment and runoff were obvious in recent 60 years.But the changes of them not synchronous which the former＇s trend was stronger than the latter＇s.The precipitation showed no trending variation.However,the precipitation and runoff（P0.01）,precipitation and sediment load（P0.01）showed a significant linear correlation.Floods had a decreased tendency,and this trend was the most evident in the beginning of the 21 st century.Using the analysis of double-mass curve,the effect of driving factors on the variation in suspended sediment load had been studied.The double-mass curve showed three breaks（1959,1981 and 2002）which divided the evolution process of suspended sediment load into four typical periods.The suspended sediment load was mainly affected by rainfall and runoff.Then it decreased significantly after 1959 which might be explained by Fen River reservoir construction.During the period from 1981 to 2002,the runoff and suspended sediment load decreased again.It could be related to the rainless,large-scale mining,urban construction,soil and water conservation measures.The runoff and sediment yield decreased significantly since 2002.In addition to the above reasons,reduction in precipitation especially storm and the second Fen River reservoir trapping sediment were the major cause for sediment reduction in the upper Fen River.

关 键 词：悬移质输沙量 径流量 驱动力 汾河上游 

分 类 号：P333[天文地球—水文科学] TV141[水利工程—水文学及水资源]