胶东半岛丘陵区冲沟分形特征及其影响因素研究  

Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Gully Morphology Fractal Dimension in Hilly Area of Jiaodong Peninsula

作　　者：王涛 何福红[1] 顾丽娟[2] 张振华[1] 吴孟泉[1] 

机构地区：[1]鲁东大学资源与环境工程学院,山东烟台264025 [2]海军航空工程学院基础部,山东烟台264001

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2016年第5期266-271,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41471223);山东省自然科学基金(ZR2014JL026);山东省高等学校科技计划项目(J15LH51);烟台市科技计划项目(2015ZH091)

摘　　要：以胶东半岛丘陵区7个集水区为研究对象,采用SA模型提取研究区冲沟系统,测算各集水区冲沟沟长盒维数,分析沟长分形特征及其与地形参数和土地利用类型间的关系,厘定研究区内冲沟发育演化的特征及规律。结果表明:(1)东部构造活动性强的隆起区分维值明显高于西部构造活动性弱的沉积凹陷区,沟长分形特征主要受区域地质构造控制。(2)沟长分维数与平均坡度、地表粗糙度、剖面曲率、沟壑密度和沟头密度等地形参数之间相关性显著,而与集水区面积和沟长没有相关性。(3)沟头密度、沟壑密度与沟长分维数间具有极显著正相关性,相关系数分别为0.982 4,0.975 3,是表征沟谷分形特征的重要参数,可作为估算区域沟谷分形特征和分形维数的简单指标。(4)沟长分维数与集水区内林草地比存在较显著正相关性,与丘陵旱地比具有较显著的负相关性,相关系数分别为0.893和-0.919 8,表明冲沟展布形态特征同地质构造控制下的大的地貌轮廓关系密切,与人类改造地表形成的微地貌关系不大。Selecting the seven small catchments in Jiaodong Peninsula as the study area,the gully system was extracted using the SA model,and the fractal dimensions of the gully system were calculated by boxcounting method.The gully fractal characteristics and the coupling between the fractal dimensions of gully lengths and terrain parameters,and the land use types were analyzed to determine the characteristics of the gully evolution.The results showed that：（1）The fractal dimension of gully length in mountain watershed was larger than that in farming area,indicating the fractal feature of gully length was mainly controlled by the geological structure of the basin.（2）The gully-head density,ravine density,surface roughness,profile curvature,and terrain average gradient were found to have significant positive correlation with fractal dimension of gully length in the study catchments,while correlation between the area of catchment and the length of gully was insignificant.（3）There was significant positive correlation between the fractal dimension of gully length and the gully-head density,ravine density,with the correlation coefficients of 0.982 4and 0.975 3,respectively,indicating that gully-head density and ravine density were the important parameters of the fractal characteristic of the valleys,as simple indicators for estimating regional gully fractal characteristics and the fractal dimension.（4）There was significant positive correlation between the fractal dimension of gully length and the forest-grassland ratio and hilly area ratio,with the correlation coefficients of 0.893and-0.919 8,respectively,indicating that the characteristics of the gully evolution were closely related to the large topographic contour under the control of geological structure,while little relation to the micro topography formed by the process of human activity.

关 键 词：冲沟 SA模型 分形 盒维数 胶东半岛丘陵区 

分 类 号：S151.3[农业科学—土壤学]