真空中光速的精密测量——长度单位米定义的基础  

Precision measurement of the speed of light in vacuum——foundations of the definition of the metre

作　　者：沈乃澂[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国计量科学研究院,北京100029

出　　处：《物理》2016年第12期790-797,共8页Physics

摘　　要：自1889年以来,米的国际原器作为国际单位制(SI)长度单位米的定义。1960年,改用氪86的光谱线作为新的定义。1983年,采用了真空中光速和光的频率值作为第三次定义,这是物理量单位用基本物理常数定义基本单位的典型实例。它对用其他基本常数定义其他基本单位起了示范作用,对物理学和计量学具有重要的意义。Since 1889, the international prototype of the metre has served as the definition of the unit of length in the International System of Units. In 1960 the definition of the metre was changed, using a spectral line of 86Kr; in 1983, this was again redefined using the speed of light in vacuum and optical frequency. This will influence the definition of several other base units based on other fundamental physical constants. In this paper, the principle and experimental results of precise measurements of the speed of light in vacuum is presented. These results are of important significance for physics and metrology.

关 键 词：真空中光速 长度单位 米定义 物理学和计量学 

分 类 号：TB91[一般工业技术—计量学]