不同钾钠处理对西瓜生长和生理的影响  

Effect of different potassium and sodium treatments on the growth and physiology of watermelon plants

作　　者：焦妍妍 陈晨 Muhammad Azher Nawaz 别之龙[1] 黄远[1] 

机构地区：[1]园艺植物生物学教育部重点试验室.华中农业大学园艺林学学院,武汉430070

出　　处：《中国瓜菜》2016年第12期14-18,共5页China Cucurbits And Vegetables

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31201660;31471919);国家西甜瓜产业技术体系(CARS-26-16);湖北省科技支撑计划(研发与示范类)项目(2015BKA349)

摘　　要：以‘早佳’(8424)西瓜为供试材料,在6 mmol·L^(-1)K+0 mmol·L^(-1)Na、0.01 mmol·L^(-1)K+0 mmol·L^(-1)Na、0 mmol·L^(-1)K+0.01 mmol·L^(-1)Na、0.01 mmol·L^(-1)K+5.99 mmol·L^(-1)Na、0 mmol·L^(-1)K+0.01 mmol·L^(-1)Na、6 mmol·L^(-1)K+6 mmol·L^(-1)Na条件下水培处理10 d,分别测定植株干质量,叶绿素含量、光合速率、气孔导度、K、Na浓度。结果表明,以正常供钾(6 mmol·L^(-1)K+0 mmol·L^(-1)Na)为对照,0.01 mmol·L^(-1)K+0 mmol·L^(-1)Na和0 mmol·L^(-1)K+0.01 mmol·L^(-1)Na处理下西瓜植株的干质量、光合速率和钾浓度的降低程度相当,叶片干质量分别下降了57%和58%,表明低浓度的钠起到了代替钾生理功能的作用;相反,0.01 mmol·L^(-1)K+5.99 mmol·L^(-1)Na和0 mmol·L-1K+6 mmol·L^(-1)Na处理加重了低钾胁迫对西瓜植株生长的抑制作用,植株干质量和光合速率显著下降,叶片干质量分别下降了63%和67%,光合速率下降了66%和68%,表明低钾下较高浓度的钠对西瓜产生了毒害作用;6 mmol·L^(-1)K+6 mmol·L^(-1)Na处理对西瓜植株的干质量无显著影响,但光合速率和钾浓度有所降低,光合速率下降了28%,表明正常钾水平下较高浓度的钠对植株具有一定伤害,但比低钾下钠的伤害要轻。本研究结果表明,低浓度的钠能代替钾的部分生理功能,而较高浓度的钠会对植株产生伤害,尤其是西瓜植株处于较低钾水平的情况下。The interaction between potassium and sodium on the watermelon was not investigated before. In this paper, ＇Zaojia＇ （8424） was used as materials,plants were treated with 6 mmol·L-1 K＋0 mmol-L-1 Na,0.01 mmol.L-1 K＋0 mmol·L-1 Na,0 mmol.L-1 K＋0.01 mmol.L-1 Na,0.01 mmol.L-1 K＋5.99 mmol-L-1 Na,0 mmol·L-1K＋0.01 mmol·L-1 Na and 6 mmol.L-1 K＋ 6 mmol. L-1 Na treatments for 10 days under hydroponics. Plant dry weight, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, K＋ and Na＋ concentration. The results showed that compared with normal supply of potassium （6 mmol· L-1 K＋ 0 mmol.L-1 Na）, ＂0.01 mmol.L-1 K＋0 mmol-L-1 Na＂ and ＂0 mmol-L-1 K＋0.01 mmol.L-1 Na＂ treatment had similar reduction in the dry weight, photosynthetic rate and potassium concentration of watermelon plants, leaf dry weight decreased 57% and 58%, respectively, suggesting that low concentration of sodium can share some physiological function of potassium. In contrast, ＂0.01 mmol. L-1 K＋5.99 mmol. L-1＇＇ and ＂0 mmol- L-1 K＋6 mmol. L-1 Na＂ treatment increased the inhibitory effect of low potassium stress on plant growth of watermelon, the dry weight and photosynthetic rate of watermelon plants decreased significantly, leaf dry weight decreased 63% and 67%, photosynthetic rate decreased 66% and 68%, respectively, suggesting that higher concentration of sodium had bigger toxic effect on watermelon under low potassium condition. ＂6 mmol＂ L-I K＋ 6 mmol. L-1 Na＂ treatment had no significant effect on the dry weight of watermelon plants, but the photosynthetic rate and potassium concentration decreased, photosynthetic rate decreased 28%, suggesting that higher concentration of sodium can inhibit the plant growth and physiological metabolism under normal potassium, but the extent was much smaller than that under low potassium. In conclusion, this study showed that the low concentration of sodium can share some physiological function of potassium, while the high concentration of sodium ca

关 键 词：西瓜 钾 钠 光合作用 矿质营养 

分 类 号：S651[农业科学—果树学]