全球人口干预与“新的中国选择”——超越“全面两孩”政策的思考  

Global Population Intervention and China's New Choice:Beyond the Universal Two-Child Policy

作　　者：刘爽[1] 朱宇[2] 郑澜[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学人口与发展研究中心 [2]中国人民大学社会与人口学院

出　　处：《人口研究》2016年第6期99-110,共12页Population Research

基　　金：教育部人文社科基地重大课题"中国特色人口转变道路的理论研究"(项目号:05JJD840146)

摘　　要：文章基于全球视角,利用联合国等机构发布的人口政策及生殖健康/计划生育数据,阐述国际社会人口调控与政策干预的总体变化趋势及特点,并在此基础上对未来中国计划生育的改革发展进行了思考,发现:近30多年来,在人口增长、生育水平、老龄化、生殖健康/计划生育以及国内乡-城迁移等人口政策的各个领域,全球采取不干预立场的国家数量和比例均在大幅下降,人口干预是世界性的时代潮流。全球超过90%的国家或地区都在践行计划生育,展现出这项实践的普适性、包容性和强大生命力。生殖健康促进极大地丰富和拓展了传统计划生育实践。建议中国的计划生育在人口政策等基本概念的区分、整合服务、"外围"政策支撑以及发挥社会组织"实体性"作用等方面推进改革创新。With a global perspective, drawing upon data related to population policy as well as the reproductive health/family planning published by the United Nations, this article examines the general trend and characteristics of population regulations and policy intervention across the world, and discusses the implications for the future reform of China＇ s family planning policy. We find that, in the past 30 years, regarding population policies in the fields of population growth, fertility level, aging, reproductive health/family planning as well as internal rural-urban migration, the number and proportion of countries with no population intervention in the world have considerably decreased. Such intervention has become a major world trend. More than 90% of the world＇ s countries or regions are currently practicing family planning, showing the universality, inclusiveness and strong vitality of this policy. The promotion of reproductive health has greatly enriched and expanded the traditional family planning practice. This article suggests that China＇ s family planning policy should promote reform and innovation in distinguishing basic concepts of population policy, integrating services, supporting external policies and bringing into full play the role of social organizations.

关 键 词：人口政策 生殖健康 计划生育 人口干预 全面两孩 

分 类 号：C924.21[社会学—人口学]