四川省“5.12”汶川地震灾区群体性预防接种效果评价  

Effect Evaluation of Mass Vaccination Campaign in Regions of 5·12 Wenchuan Earthquake in Sichuan Province

作　　者：刘宇[1] 方刚[1] 杜飞[1] 刘家洁[1] 胡新[1] 赵家俊[1] 漆琪[1] 李银乔[1] 陈筱纯[1] 刘青恋[1] 王进[1] 马千里[1] 郑红茹[1] 敬嵛淋[1] 刘力铭[1] 付清培[1] 吴先萍[1] 祝小平[1] 沈骥[2] 

机构地区：[1]四川省疾病预防控制中心,成都610041 [2]四川省卫生和计划生育委员会

出　　处：《预防医学情报杂志》2016年第12期1268-1273,共6页Journal of Preventive Medicine Information

摘　　要：目的分析和评价四川省“5．12”汶川地震灾区群体性预防接种的效果。方法采用描述流行病学方法，对灾区县和非灾区县的疾病发病资料进行分析，比较甲肝、乙脑、流感和流脑4种疾病报告发病的变化情况。结果开展群体性预防接种工作后，灾区县平均发病率甲肝为2．617／10万～2．914／10万、乙脑为0．058／10万-0．083／10万、流脑为0．00／10万～0．005／10万和流感为1．36／10万；非灾区县平均发病率甲肝为4．201／10万～4．527／10万、乙脑为0．471／10万～0．531／10万、流脑为0．018／10万～0．020／10万和流感为12．579／10万。疾病发病率灾区县接种后较接种前甲肝下降55％～78％，乙脑下降53％～70％，流脑下降86％～100％，流感上升224．58％；非灾区县接种后较接种前甲肝下降30％～51％，乙脑下降46％～58％，流脑下降32％～86％，流感上升501．31％。疾病发病率下降幅度灾区县较非灾区县明显。结论开展群体性预防接种工作后，甲肝、乙脑、流脑和流感的发病率灾区县均低于非灾区县；灾区县自身发病率的变化除流感在接种后1年上升外，甲肝、乙脑和流脑的年平均发病率在接种后均呈现下降趋势；且灾区县疾病下降幅度普遍较非灾区县更明显。由此可见，本次在汶川地震灾区开展的甲肝、乙脑、流脑和流感4种疫苗的群体性预防接种是成功的，对今后地震灾区卫生防疫工作将起到很好的借鉴作用。Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of mass vaccination campaign in regions of 5 · 12 Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan province. Methods The incidence data of earthquake striked regions and non - strike regions were compared the change of hepatitis A, Japanese encephalitis, cerebrospinal meningitis and influenza incidence by descriptive epidemiology. Results After the mass vaccination, the average incidence rate of hepatitis A was 2. 617/100 000 to 2. 914/100 000, Japanese encephalitis was 0. 058/100 000 to 0. 083/100. 000, eerebrospinal meningitis was 0. 000/100 000 to 0. 005/ 100 000, and the influenza was 1.36/100 000 in strike regions; the average ineidenee rate of hepatitis A was 4. 201/100 000 to 4. 527/100 000, Japanese encephalitis was 0. 471/100 000 to 0. 531/100 000, cerebrospinal meningitis was 0. 018/100 000 to 0. 020/100 000, and the influenza was 12. 579/100 000 in non - strike regions. The incidence rate of hepatitis A after vaccination decreased 55% -78% , Japanese encephalitis decreased 53% -70% , eerebrospinal meningitis decreased 86% - 100% and the influenza increased 224.58% in strike regions. The incidence rate of hepatitis A after vacci- nation decreased 30% -51%, Japanese encephalitis decreased 46% -58%, cerebrospinal meningitis de- creased 32% -86% and the influenza increased 501.31% in non -strike regions. The incidence rate in strike region declined more significantly than non -strike regions. Conclusion After the mass vaccination, hepatitis A, Japanese encephalitis, cerehrospinal meningitis and influenza incidence in strike regions were lower than non - strike regions. Except the influenza incidence in strike regions increased after vaccination for 1 year, oth- er diseases including hepatitis A, Japanese encephalitis, cerebrospinal meningitis average incidence showed the downtrend, and it showed more significant decrease in strike regions than non - strike regions. It was a success- ful mass vaccination campaign for hepatitis A, Japanese encephalitis, cerebrospinal meningitis and in

关 键 词：地震灾区 群体性预防接种 效果评价 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]