大葱雄性不育系的雄蕊特征及花药细胞学研究  

Stamen Characteristics and Anther Cytology Traits of Male Sterile Line in Allium fistulosumvar.giganteum

作　　者：冯大领[1] 王丽乔[2] 张巍巍[1] 赵玉靖[3] 付雅丽[2] 袁瑞江 王其鹏 FENG Daling WANG Liqiao ZHANG Weiwei ZHAO Yujing FU Yali YUAN Ruijiang WANG Qipeng(College of Life Sciences, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei 071000 Vegetable Institute, Shijiazhuang Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050021 College of Horticulture, Agricultural University of He＇bei, Baoding, Hebei 071000)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学生命科学学院,河北保定071000 [2]石家庄市农林科学研究院蔬菜研究所,河北石家庄050021 [3]河北农业大学园艺学院,河北保定071000

出　　处：《北方园艺》2016年第23期1-6,共6页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：河北省科技支撑计划资助项目(14226306D-6);河北农业大学大学生创新创业训练计划资助项目(cxzr2014009);河北农业大学中青年骨干教师境外研修资助项目

摘　　要：以大葱不育系和保持系为试材,对其进行了形态学和细胞学观察,以揭示大葱雄性不育系和保持系的雄蕊鉴别特征及雄性不育发生的细胞学机制。结果表明:大葱不育系的花药外形表现为干瘪,无花粉粒散出,花粉囊内的花粉粒无活性;保持系的花药外形饱满,成熟后开裂,有黄色花粉粒散出,花粉囊内的花粉粒活力为91.65%;通过对大葱不育系和保持系花药发育的细胞学比较发现,大葱不育系的花粉败育原因体现在3个方面:一是绒毡层细胞的提早液泡化并解体,解体时间始于花粉母细胞时期,到单核花粉粒时期几乎完全消失,不能为小孢子发育提供必需的营养物质;二是绒毡层细胞内的原生质浓度低,无明显的多核现象,该绒毡层细胞的异常也造成营养物质供应不足,引起花粉粒败育;三是在单核花粉粒到成熟花粉粒发育过程中,有些花药的药隔细胞纤维化,阻碍了水分和营养物质由维管束向花粉囊的输送,从而引起花粉粒败育。而保持系的花药绒毡层细胞在花粉母细胞和减数分裂时期,细胞质浓、染色较深、无早期液泡化现象,在单核花粉粒时期出现解体,一直到花粉粒成熟才逐渐解体消失。该研究为田间鉴定大葱不育系及揭示不育发生的细胞学机制奠定了基础。Morphological and cytological traits of anther were studied by comparative analysis between the male sterile line and its corresponding maintainer line of Allium fistulosum var. giganteum. The research objective is to reveal characteristic of stamens and cytology mechanism of male sterility. The results showed that the anthers of male sterile line were wizened and had no pollen grain distributed. The pollen grains were not active. Conversely, the anthers of maintainer line were full and had yellow pollen grains distributed while matured. The pollen vitality in the pollen sacs of maintainer line was 91.65 %. There were three reasons about pollen abortion according to the compare and analysis to the cytological traits of anther development between the male sterile line and its maintainer line. Firstly, the tapetum cells contained more vacuoles than those of maintainer line anthers and began degenerating at the nficrosporocyte stage. Then the tapetum cells disintegrated completely at the mononuclear pollen grain stage. So the tapetum cells could not provide nutrient substance for the development of microspore. Secondly, the tapetum cells appeared some characteristics of cytoplasm stain Iightening because of lower concentration protoplasm and were not multi-nucleate,which also might be one of the main reasons causing pollen abortion. Thirdly, connective tissue was fiberized at the stage of mononuclear pollen so water and nutrient substance could not be transported from vascular bundle to young pollen grains. This might be pollen abortion. But the tapetum cells of maintainer line contained dense cytoplasm and had no phenomenon of vacuolization at the stages of microsporocyte and meiosis. The tapetum cells abortion occurred at the stage of mononuclear pollen and gradually disappeared till the stage of mature pollen grains. The study laid the foundation for the identification in the field and the cellular mechanism of male sterile line in A. fistulosum var. giganteum.

关 键 词：大葱 不育系 保持系 花药 细胞学 

分 类 号：S633.103.6[农业科学—蔬菜学]