不同工作载荷下的警示性图标认知机理  

Cognitive mechanism of warning icons under different working loads

作　　者：金涛[1] 牛亚峰[2] 周蕾[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(华东)机电工程学院,青岛266580 [2]东南大学机械工程学院,南京211189

出　　处：《东南大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第6期1204-1208,共5页Journal of Southeast University：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51405514);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金资助项目(16YJCZH037);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(15CX02032A)

摘　　要：采用工作载荷范式研究警示性图标在不同工作载荷下的认知机理,以及视觉突显性与图形语义信息对警示性图标认知的作用.首先进行了有语义图标实验,以检验具有语义信息的警示性图标在高低知觉负载下的注意捕获效应,结果表明,在高、低工作载荷下警示性图标都比普通图标具有加工优先性,但与任务无关的警示性图标在高、低工作载荷下的注意捕获能力没有显著差异,说明警示性图标能够自动获取注意系统的加工.为分离突显性视觉特征与语义信息2个因素对实验结果的影响,进行了无语义图标实验,将警示性图标转换为具有突显性但无语义信息的转置图标,发现警示性图标在高工作载荷下的注意捕获效应显著小于低工作载荷,即工作载荷能够显著调节其注意捕获能力,说明警示性图标在有语义图标实验中的注意捕获效应应归因于其本身携带的语义信息.本研究证实语义明确的警示性图标能够被注意系统自动捕获,图形语义信息在其中起到关键性作用,突显性的视觉特征也会增加警示性图标的注意捕获效应.The classic paradigm of perceptual load was used to study the cognitive mechanism of warning icons under different working loads and the effects of visual features and semantic information. Semantic icon experiment was conducted to examine the attentional capture effect of the warning icons with semantic information under high and low perceptual loads. It is found that warning icons have a processing priority to regular icons under both high and low working loads, but the abilities of warning icons irrelevant to task to capture the attention under both high and low working loads have no significant difference, showing that warning icons can obtain the automatic processing of the noticed system. For separating the effects of visual features and semantic information on the cognitive experimental results of warning icons, reverse warning icons with salient visual features but without semantic information were used in the non-semantic icons experiment, it is found that the attention capture effects of reverse warning icons under high working loads are lower than those under low working loads, that is, working loads can significantly adjust the attention capture ability of reverse warning icons, which suggests that the attentional capture effect of a warning icon in the semantic icons experiment should be attributed to its semantic information. Results show that warning icons with explicit semantics can be automatically captured by the attention system, where the semantic information of graphics plays a key role, and the salient visual features can also increase the attention capture effects of warning icons.

关 键 词：认知机理 警示性图标 图形语义 突显性 工作载荷 

分 类 号：TB472[一般工业技术—工业设计] B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学]