根际促生细菌的筛选及其对小麦幼苗的促生作用  

Screening of Plant Growth-promoting Rhizobacteria and Their Growth-promoting Effect on Wheat Seedling

作　　者：常慧萍[1] 邢文会[1] 夏铁骑[2] 杨雪[1] 付瑞敏[1] 王丁[1] 张红[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南教育学院生命科学系,河南郑州450046 [2]濮阳职业技术学院,河南濮阳457000

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2016年第12期52-57,共6页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河南省基础与前沿技术研究项目(152300410092);河南省高等学校重点科研项目(15B180002;15B180016;15A210020)

摘　　要：为了获得小麦根际促生菌,从小麦根际土壤中分别筛选具有固氮、解磷、解钾能力的菌株,测定其生长性能及与病原菌(小麦赤霉病菌、小麦纹枯病菌、水稻纹枯病菌)的拮抗作用,对其进行生理生化及分子鉴定,并评价其对小麦幼苗的促生作用,以期为小麦复合微生物肥料的研制提供优良的菌株资源。结果表明,通过透明圈法初筛到透明圈较大的固氮细菌8株、解钾细菌8株、解无机磷细菌4株、解有机磷细菌4株。根据菌株产IAA、溶磷能力较高且产NH3、HCN或者铁载体的能力,筛选出8株细菌,分别与3种病原菌进行拮抗试验,复筛到HN1202、HK1216、HP1218三株细菌可以同时拮抗3种病原菌,且彼此之间没有拮抗反应。对3株菌的菌落特征、菌体形态及生理生化特性进行研究,结合菌株的16S r DNA序列分析,初步确定HN1202和HP1218属于假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas),HK1216为芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)。分别用HN1202、HP1218、HK1216菌液对小麦种子进行浸种处理,小麦幼苗根长分别较对照(无菌液处理)显著增加12.6%、20.4%、17.5%,株高分别较对照显著增加11.8%、13.2%、8.8%,萌发5条根和6条根的比例均较对照显著增加。综上,筛选的小麦根际促生细菌可作为复合微生物肥料的功能菌株。In order to obtain plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria( PGPR),some strains with nitrogenfixing,potassium-dissoloving and phosphorus-dissoloving abilities were isolated from rhizosphere soil of wheat,after identifying these strains through phenotypic,physiological,biochemical and phylogenetic characterization,both their growth performance and antagonistic capability against three kinds of plant pathogens which respectively caused fusarium head blight( FHB),wheat sharp eyespot( WSE) and rice sheath blight( RSB) were tested,and their growth-promoting effects on wheat seedling were evaluated,so as to provide excellent strains for the production of functional microbial fertilizers. The results showed that the preliminary screening was carried out by using the transparent zone method and eight strains of nitrogenfixing bacteria,eight strains of potassium-dissoloving bacteria,four strains of inorganic phosphorus-dissoloving bacteria and four strains of organophosphorus-dissoloving bacteria were picked out. The further screening was carried out by testing their ability of solubilizing phosphorus and producing IAA,NH3,HCNand siderophore,and eight strains were picked out. After testing their antagonistic capability against three kinds of plant pathogens,three rhizosphere strains( HN1202,HK1216,HP1218) with significant antagonistic ability against pathogens and without antagonism between each other were screened,and respectively identified through phenotypic,physiological,biochemical and phylogenetic( 16 S r DNA) characterization. After primary identification,both strain HN1202 and HP1218 belonged to Pseudomonas sp.,HK1216 belonged to Bacillus sp. Compared to control without strains,after inoculating wheat seeds with the strains( HN1202,HP1218 and HK1216) respectively,the average root length of wheat seedlings were increased by 12. 6%,20. 4% and 17. 5% respectively; moreover,the average height of wheat seedlings were increased by 11. 8%,13. 2% and 8. 8% separately,and the proportion of five or six roots-germination had bee

关 键 词：根际促生细菌 筛选 鉴定 小麦幼苗 促生作用 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S182