河南省典型覆膜作物地膜残留状况及其影响因素研究  

Status and Influencing Factors of Residual Mulching Film of Typical Crops Mulched with Plastic Film in Henan Province

作　　者：郭战玲[1] 张薪[2] 寇长林[1] 杨占平[1] 张香凝[1] 李太魁[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,河南郑州450002 [2]河南省农村能源环境保护总站,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2016年第12期58-61,71,共5页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(20100314)

摘　　要：2011 -2 0 1 4 年采用问卷调查及取样检测方法对河南省典型覆膜作物（花生、棉花）地膜残留状况进行系统调查,分析其影响因素,并通过定点试验监测方法研究地膜残留系数,以期为河南省地膜残留防治提供参考.结果表明,河南省花生、棉花覆膜种植区土壤耕层地膜残留量为6.8 ~37 . 3 kg/ hm^2,平均值为2 0 . 4 kg/ hm^2.花生地块地膜平均残留量为2 4 . 9 kg/ hm^2,棉花地块为13.5kg/ hm^2.不同取样点地膜残留量存在明显差异,主要与作物类型、地膜用量、覆膜比例、覆膜年限、土壤质地及回收情况有关,地膜用量越大、覆膜比例越高、覆膜年限越长,地膜回收率越低,地膜残留污染的风险越大;棉花地块的地膜残留量明显低于花生地块.花生和棉花地块的地膜残留系数分别为0 . 7 1 % 和1. 1 1 % .目前,河南省花生、棉花覆膜种植区地膜污染状况较轻,但如果不注重地膜回收工作,残留量会逐年增加,成为地膜残留污染区域.The status of residual mulching film of typical crops mulched with plastic film( peanut and cotton) was studied through the methods of farm survey with questionnaires and quadrate sampling,the influencing factors were analyzed,and the residual coefficients of peanut and cotton were calculated through the methods of field monitoring from 2011 to 2014 in Henan province. The results showed that the mulching film residue amounts were from 6. 8 kg / ha to 37. 3 kg / ha in the soil of peanut and cotton,with an average value of 20. 4 kg / ha. The average mulching film residue amounts were 24. 9 kg / ha and 13. 5 kg / ha in the soil of peanut and cotton respectively. There were significant differences in the amount of mulch residues among the different sample sites,which mainly depended on crop types,film amount,film coverage ratio,film coverage years,soil texture and recycling situation. With the increase of film amount,coverage ratio,coverage years,and the decrease of recovery rate,pollution risk of residual mulching plastic film in soil increased. The mulching film residue amount in cotton field was obviously lower than that in peanut field. The residual coefficients of peanut and cotton were 0. 71% and 1. 11% respectively. Although thepollution of residual film was not serious at present,it would become a significant issue if no measure was taken to solve it.

关 键 词：地膜 花生 棉花 残留系数 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X712