神话VS神话主义:神话主义异质性质疑  

Myth versus mythologism:Reflections on the heterogeneity of mythologism

作　　者：杨利慧[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学文学院,北京100875

出　　处：《云南师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2016年第6期25-34,共10页Journal of Yunnan Normal University：Humanities and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目"当代中国的神话主义:以遗产旅游和电子传媒的考察为中心"(11BZW131)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：神话主义是指现当代社会中对神话的挪用和重新建构,神话被从其原本生存的社区日常生活的语境移入新的语境中,为不同的观众而展现,并被赋予了新的功能和意义。本文以河北涉县娲皇宫景区的民族志研究为基础,通过对社区日常生活语境中业余讲述人与遗产旅游语境中职业导游所讲述的女娲神话的比较,揭示出神话与神话主义的三方面区别:口语表述相对于文字内化后的口语表述、有机性相对于精致化、地方性相对于全观在地化。文章质疑神话主义具有异质性的偏见,认为神话主义可在探索书写传统与口头传统的纠葛、业余与职业讲述人的多样性等方面,为神话学和民间文学理论提供启示。＂Mythologism＂refers to the phenomena that myths are taken out of the contexts of their communal everyday life,and appropriated and reconstructed in some new contexts to serve new audiences with new functions and meanings in contemporary societies.Based on a long-term fieldwork in Wahuanggong area of Heibei province in northern China,this paper compares the texts of Nüwa myths told by an amateurish storyteller in an ordinary communal context and those produced by a tour guide in the context of heritage tourism,and further explores three distinctions between them：oral expression vs.literature（internalized oral expression）;organism vs.aestheticization;locality vs.holistic locality.Among others,the paper argues against the popular prejudice about the heterogeneity of mythologism,and claims that mythological studies can shed light on exploring the interrelationship between the oral tradition and the written tradition,as well as the diversity of the amateurish storyteller and the professional storyteller.

关 键 词：神话主义 遗产旅游 异质性 质疑 

分 类 号：B932[哲学宗教—宗教学]