外源Cu、Zn对猪粪与玉米秸秆混合物料产甲烷特性影响机理分析  

Influence mechanism analysis of exogenous Cu and Zn on the methane-producing characteristics of swine manure mixed with corn straw

作　　者：陈芬[1] 余高[1] 武春燕[1] 张吴平[1] 李筱梅[1] 卜玉山[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学资源与环境学院,太谷030801

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2016年第12期4428-4436,共9页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：山西省"百人计划"引进人才项目;山西省回国留学人员科研资助项目(No.2013-重点7);山西省攻关项目(No.20130313007-3)~~

摘　　要：为了探讨重金属Cu、Zn对有机废弃物产甲烷的影响机制,研究了在55℃条件下添加外源Cu、Zn对猪粪和玉米秸秆质量比为2∶1混合物料厌氧发酵过程产甲烷特性的影响.结果表明:当厌氧发酵液的NH_4^+-N含量低于706.7 mg·L-1时对厌氧发酵未产生明显的抑制作用.厌氧发酵液中的VFA下降幅度与累积甲烷产生量呈正相关.随着混合物料中Cu、Zn浓度的增加,累积产甲烷量总体上均呈现降低趋势(除Zn100处理外),当Cu<413.7 mg·kg-1或Zn<500.6 mg·kg-1时,对厌氧发酵的影响不明显,当Cu>513.7 mg·kg-1、Zn>600.6 mg·kg-1时,对厌氧发酵产生显著的抑制作用,且Cu对厌氧发酵的抑制作用强于Zn.不同浓度Cu、Zn与发酵料液中纤维素酶、蔗糖酶和脲酶活性均呈显著负相关(p≤0.05),Cu处理发酵料液中纤维素酶、蔗糖酶和脲酶活性与累积产甲烷量均呈显著正相关(p≤0.05);Zn处理的纤维素酶活性和蔗糖酶活性与其呈显著正相关(p≤0.05),但脲酶活性与其相关性不显著.表明Cu、Zn可能通过影响酶活性而对厌氧发酵过程和累积甲烷产生量产生影响.In order to understand the influence mechanism of heavy metal Cu and Zn on the methane production of organic wastes, an experiment of thermophilic anaerobic digestion （ 55 ℃ ） was conducted to study the effects of exogenous Cu and Zn on the methane-producing characteristic of swine manure mixed with corn straw at the ratio of 2 to 1, The results showed that NH4^＋ -N did not significantly inhibit the anaerobic fermentation when its content was less than 706.7 mg·L^-1 in anaerobic fermentation liquid. The descent range of VFA in the fermentation liquid was positively related to the cumulative methane production. The cumulative methane production decreased as Cu or Zn concentration increased in the experimental mixed materials （excepting Znl00 treatment）. Both of Cu and Zn had not obviously affected the anaerobic fermentation when Cu less than 413.7 mg.kg^-1 and Zn less than 500.6 mg·kg^-1 , but the anaerobic fermentation was inhibited when Cu more than 513.7 mg·kg^-1 and Zn more than 600.6 mg·kg^-l. And the inhibitory effect of Cu on the anaerobic fermentation was stronger than that of Zn. The cellulase activity, sucrase activity, and urease activity were significantly negatively related to the concentration of Cu and Zn in the fermentation liquid （p ≤ 0.05 ）. The cellulase activity, sucrase activity, and urease activity were significantly positively related to the cumulative methane production in Cu treatment （p≤0.05 ）. The cellulase activity and sucrase activity were significantly positively related to the cumulative methane production （p ≤0.05 ）, while the correlation between the urease activity and cumulative methane production was not significant in Zn treatment. It can be concluded that exogenous Cu and Zn may inhibit the anaerobic fermentation process and reduce the cumulative methane production by influencing the hydrolytic enzyme activity.

关 键 词：畜禽粪便 厌氧发酵 Cu Zn 甲烷产生量 NH4^+-N 水解酶活性 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]