生命周期方法在产业共生系统环境效益评价中的应用——研究进展及问题分析  

The application of life cycle assessments to the evaluation of the environmental benefits of industrial symbioses: research progress and challenges

作　　者：刘晶茹[1] 严玉廷[1] 聶鑫蕊 严丽[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域国家重点实验室,北京100085

出　　处：《生态学报》2016年第22期7202-7207,共6页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上资助项目(71173209);国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(71033005)

摘　　要：近年来,产业共生作为产业生态学最具特征的领域引起了相关研究者的广泛关注。当前的研究逐渐从产业共生系统的定性描述分析转向定量的系统评价上。传统的产业共生系统环境效益评价仅仅关注共生系统本身,而忽视了占环境影响20%—50%的上、下游过程及替代过程的环境影响,为了得到客观的、系统的环境影响评价,将生命周期分析方法引入产业共生效益评价显得尤为重要。首先回顾了生命周期分析方法在产业共生研究中的发展过程,接着评述了3种生命周期分析方法在产业生态研究中的优劣势。并重点分析了将生命周期思想引入产业共生效益评价方法存在的功能单位设定问题及系统边界的选择问题。最后,呼吁为避免隐形污染的转移,必须尽快将生命周期分析的方法和管理理念引入我国生态工业园设计、规划、评价和管理的全过程中。As one of the most popular areas of research in industrial ecology,industrial symbiosis has received a great deal of attention from researchers in recent years. Environmental benefits,including efficient resource recycling and waste utilization,are the primary factors that distinguish industrial symbiosis from other economic systems,and are considered the objectives of achieving the successful development of ecological industries. Thus,research has gradually shifted from the qualitative description of industrial symbiosis to its quantitative and systematic evaluation,which incorporates material flow analyses,energy analyses,and the structuring of index systems. However,there are several drawbacks to these traditional methods： 1） the symbiosis is treated as ＂black box＂,which ignores the mutual effects of internal processes,and 2） these methods usually focus on the system itself,but neglect upstream,downstream,and replacement processes that account for20% to 50% of the overall environmental impact. This increases the risk of producing emissions that are then transferred to supply chains outside of the system under examination. In order to avoid the problem of environmental impact transferred in different life cycle stages,life cycle assessment（ LCA） is introduced to the field in benefits evaluation of industrial symbiosis to gain more objective and systematic results of environmental impact assessment. In light of this,this paper first reviews the process of developing life cycle assessments intended for use in the study of industrial symbiosis. These can take two different approaches： the evaluation of existing industrial symbioses in order to facilitate the identification of potential symbiot-ic relationships that could be developed further,and the outright planning and design of industrial symbiosis systems,in order to optimize plans and ensure that they are environmentally friendly prior to construction. In these different case studies,life cycle assessments have proven vital to the analysis of

关 键 词：产业共生 生命周期分析 替代效益 

分 类 号：X820.3[环境科学与工程—环境工程] F062.2[经济管理—政治经济学]