基于生命周期方法的生活垃圾资源化利用系统生态效率分析  

Eco-efficiency analysis of municipal solid waste recycling systems by using life cycle approaches

作　　者：赵薇[1] 孙一桢 张文宇[1] 梁赛[2] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁工业大学土木建筑工程学院,锦州121001 [2]密歇根大学自然资源与环境学院,安娜堡481091041

出　　处：《生态学报》2016年第22期7208-7216,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41201583);辽宁省高等学校优秀人才支持计划资助项目(LJQ2013069)

摘　　要：我国生活垃圾产量大但处理能力不足,产生多种环境危害,对其资源化利用能够缓解环境压力并回收资源。为探讨生活垃圾资源化利用策略,综合生命周期评价与生命周期成本分析方法,建立生态效率模型。以天津市为例,分析和比较焚烧发电、卫生填埋-填埋气发电、与堆肥+卫生填埋3种典型生活垃圾资源化利用情景的生态效率。结果表明,堆肥+卫生填埋情景具有潜在最优生态效率;全球变暖对总环境影响贡献最大,而投资成本对经济影响贡献最大。考虑天津市生活垃圾管理现状,建议鼓励发展生活垃圾干湿组分分离及厨余垃圾堆肥的资源化利用策略。Cities in China are producing large amounts of municipal solid waste（ MSW）; however,they have limited MSW treatment capacity,leading to serious environmental problems. MSW recycling systems,such as incineration with energy recovery,landfill gas utilization,and composting,are promising ways to reduce environmental impacts and recover energy and materials. To evaluate MSW recycling systems,we proposed a quantitative eco-efficiency analysis model by integrating life cycle assessment（ LCA） and life cycle costing（ LCC） analyses. With an effort on consistently combining LCA and LCC,issues about system boundary,allocation,time,aggregation were discussed. Six environmental impact categories,including global warming,ozone layer depletion,acidification,eutrophication,photochemical oxidation and human toxicity,were evaluated and aggregated by LCA. Meanwhile,three cost impact categories,including capital cost,operational cost and disposal costs,were evaluated and aggregated by LCC Environmental and economic impacts of LCA and LCC were normalized and defined as eco-efficiency indicators. We applied the eco-efficiency analysis model to a case in Tianjin,China. We compared three typical MSW recycling scenarios： incineration with energy recovery scenario,landfill with landfill gas utilization scenario,and composting and landfill scenario. We also conducted a contribution analysis for both LCA and LCC to identify critical processes and components leading to environmental impacts and economic costs. Moreover,a sensitivity analysis was performed to investigate the impact of collection and transportation distance on the eco-efficiency indicators. The results show that the composting and landfill scenario is optimum for Tianjin,given the MSW characteristics and technology levels in Tianjin. The LCA results show that the composting and landfill scenario has the lowest environmental impacts,followed by the incineration with energy recovery scenario and landfill with landfill gas utilization scenario. However,the LCC resul

关 键 词：城市生活垃圾 生态效率 生命周期评价(LCA) 生命周期成本分析(LCC) 资源化利用 

分 类 号：X799.3[环境科学与工程—环境工程]