厦门市资源水与虚拟水耦合代谢效率评价  

Assessment of urban water metabolism based on integrated analysis of available and virtual water: a case of Xiamen in China

作　　者：黄初龙[1,2,3] 于昌平[1] 高兵[1,3] 黄云凤[4] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院城市环境研究所,中国科学院城市环境与健康重点实验室,厦门361021 [2]泉州师范学院资源与环境科学学院,泉州362000 [3]厦门市城市代谢重点实验室,厦门361021 [4]集美大学食品与生物工程学院,厦门361021

出　　处：《生态学报》2016年第22期7267-7278,共12页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31500391);中国博士后科学基金会面上项目(2012M520402);国家重大科学研究计划项目(2014CB953801);福建省中青年教师教育科研项目(JA13272)

摘　　要：自然水循环与社会水循环的关联研究是制定系统性水代谢对策的前提。从水资源代谢过程与格局角度,用物质流分析法(MFA)剖析了亚热带季风气候雨影区缺水城市枯水年份资源水与虚拟水耦合代谢的路径、数量,提取代谢效率评价所需的过程与结构指标,以社会、经济、生态环境效益最优化为评价原则构建了城市水资源代谢效率评价指标体系,采用层次分析法赋权,评价了近10年来枯水年份厦门市资源水与虚拟水耦合代谢效率。结果表明,厦门水资源代谢效率呈加速提高趋势,主要由用水效率类和水代谢过程与结构类指标驱动。说明提高水资源代谢效率的根本对策在于用水行为和用水过程与结构的改善。采用情景分析法设计主导驱动指标不同组合下水资源代谢效率情景方案,提高了方案的可操作性,可基于这些指标制定水资源管理对策。基于MFA结果提取指标丰富了指标体系构建理论。The growing scarcity of freshwater represents an increasing risk to human society. Water scarcity is often presented as a systematic water scarcity,which is often caused by complex factors. Most previous researchers have focused on either available or virtual water in order to design strategies for mitigating water scarcity; however,herein,we argue that systematic water scarcity due to urbanization requires an assessment of the integrated metabolic efficiency of available and virtual water. In the case of Xiamen City,which is located in the shadow area of the rain belt in the subtropical monsoon climate,the dry years of 2003,2009,and 2011 were selected for the assessment in order to implement the results in water management policies and mitigation measures for systematic water shortages. Material flow analysis（ MFA） was employed to analyze integrated flows of urban available and virtual water in the dry years from the perspective of water metabolic processes or patterns. It was found that MFA could derive effective indicators for the integrated assessment,based on the comparable,comprehensive,and verifiable MFA charts,according to the effects of indicators in identifying critical pathways andlinks of the integrated flows. Using these MFA indicators,an indicator system could be formulated following the trade-off between socio-economic and environmental benefits. Finally,the indicator system was empowered by the analytic hierarchy process and was used in the integrated assessment. The results showed that improvement in efficiency of the integrated metabolism was accelerated in the past 10 years,and this was dominantly driven by key indicators that evaluated the socio-economic benefits of water use（ irrigated area per cubic meter of water,industrial output per cubic meter of water,retail sales of consumer goods per cubic meter of water） and assessed the function of water metabolic processes or patterns（ freshwater reuse rate,the proportion of water used in the ecosystem to that used in socio-economic syste

关 键 词：资源水 虚拟水 水资源代谢效率 物质流分析(MFA) 指标体系 情景分析 

分 类 号：TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源]