限量供水条件下灌溉预报增产效益分析  

Analytical Investigation on the Irrigation Forecast and Its Benefit of Increasing Yield Under Limited Supply Water

作　　者：王仰仁[1] 杜秀文[2] 张绍强[2] 

机构地区：[1]天津农学院水利工程学院,天津300384 [2]中国灌溉排水发展中心,北京100053

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2016年第12期1-7,共7页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD08B01);天津市应用基础及前沿技术研究计划项目(10JCYBJC09400);山西省科技攻关项目(20090311074)

摘　　要：有限供水条件下,随着灌溉供水量和降水量的变化,作物优化的灌水时间是变化的,作物生长期优化的土壤含水率调控下限值也应该是变化的,为此,基于典型年的优化灌溉制度提出了动态灌水下限的概念及其理论分析方法。利用天津农学院灌溉试验基地2008、2009、2011和2012年4个年度试验资料对冬小麦复播玉米水模型参数及其整体合理性进行了率定和检验,由此分析提出了天津市5个典型年不同灌溉供水条件下冬小麦复播玉米的优化灌溉制度,得到了45组灌水前土壤含水率（0-60 cm平均值）和对应的灌水时间及可供水量（包括灌溉供水量和降雨量）数据,交替使用规划求解与多元回归分析的方法确定了冬小麦复播玉米动态灌水下限预测模型。利用该动态灌水下限进行灌溉预报,可明显地增加产量和效益,冬小麦复播玉米生长期灌溉4次水和3次水较现状经验灌水5年（2008-2012年）平均增加产量,冬小麦分别为8.3%和18.1%,复播玉米分别为5.8%和1.3%,增加的效益分别为10.0%和14.1%。该方法避免了单纯依靠田间试验确定灌水下限的不足,为优化灌溉制度的实施和灌溉用水计划的动态修正提供了重要的方法。The crop optimal irrigation time varies with irrigation and precipitation under the limited water supply, and accordingly optimal distribution of soil moisture in the growth period does with it. The concept of dynamic irrigation low limit （DILL） is so proposed and the method determining DILL was given based on the optimal irrigation scheduling in this paper. The optimal irrigation scheduling is established according to crop-water model which was formed by coupling the crop growth model （P 123） , soil water-heat- nitrogen dynamic model, and crop evapotranspiration model. The parameters of the crop-water model were calibrated and validated with the data of winter wheat and multi- ple cropping corn field experiment conducted in 2008, 2009, 2011 and 2012. Five optimal irrigation schedules of typical year were deter- mined in maximizing benefit of winter wheat and multiple cropping corn under the limited water supply. We further estimated 45 groups of the average soil moisture content of main root zone （0-60 cm） before an irrigation, the corresponding irrigation time and water supply, from the optimal irrigation schedules. From these data, a predict model of winter wheat and multiple cropping corn DILL was established by alternately using excel solver and multiple regression analysis from Office Excel. The yield and benefit increase, due to use the DILL model to forecast the irrigation time under the limited water supply, was simulated based on the crop-water model. The results showed that under the 4 times and 3 times irrigation the yield average increases in five years （ 2008- 2012） are 8.3 % and 18.1% for winter wheat, 5.8% and 1.3% for multiple cropping corn, and the benefit increase are 10.0% and 14.1% respectively, comparing to the traditional irrigation. The proposed method canavoid the shortage of the traditional way in which the determination of irrigation lower limit is solely dependent on field experiment. The irriga- tion forecast based on DILL provides an important method to implement and

关 键 词：优化灌溉制度 灌水下限 灌溉预报 产量 灌溉施肥 

分 类 号：S274.1[农业科学—农业水土工程]