丰、枯水期里下河腹地典型水体浮游动物群落结构与水质评价  

Zooplankton Community Structure and Water Quality Assessment in Typical Water Bodies of the Lixia River Basin in Dry and Wet Seasons

作　　者：孟顺龙[1] 肖代 陈小丽[2] 瞿建宏[1] 李丹丹[1] 范立民[1] 裘丽萍[1] 宋超[1] 陈家长[1] 徐跑[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心农业部长江下游渔业生态环境监测中心农业部长江下游渔业资源环境科学观测实验站,江苏无锡214081 [2]江苏省水文水资源勘测局泰州分局,江苏泰州225300

出　　处：《水生态学杂志》2016年第6期76-83,共8页Journal of Hydroecology

基　　金：江苏省水利科技项目(No.2013035);农业部渔业种质资源保护项目(No.6115048)

摘　　要：为了探究丰枯水期里下河腹地典型水体中浮游动物的群落结构特征,通过布设20个采样站点,于2014年丰水期（7月29日）和枯水期（12月24日）对里下河腹地典型水体进行了2次全面调查,并对水质状况进行了评价。结果表明,里下河腹地典型水体共鉴定出浮游动物21种（包括变种和变型）,无节幼体1类;其中轮虫最多,共14种,占浮游动物总种数的66.6%;枝角类次之,共6种,占28.6%;桡足类最少,仅1种,占4.8%;各站点浮游动物种类组成和密度均以轮虫和枝角类为主,数量在5-15种,密度变化在9.8-102.2个/L。浮游动物相似性指数在0.18-0.55,平均为0.36,偏向于轻度相似,表明丰水期与枯水期的生境差异较大。优势种的优势度不高,在0.023-0.297;多样性指数在1.73-3.56,均匀度指数在0.67-0.95,表明丰、枯水期里下河腹地典型水体的浮游动物群落信息含量较大、群落结构处于较稳定状态。浮游动物多样性和水质监测结果均表明,枯水期水质优于丰水期,枯水期水质基本处于清洁状态,丰水期水质基本处于中度污染状态;污染源主要为面源污染,且串场河（6号）、新通扬运河（12号）、喜鹊湖（17号）、兴姜河（18号）受人类活动影响较大。Lixia River is one of the most important rivers in Jiangsu province and it plays an important role in provincial aquaculture development. However,no research on the zooplankton community structure of Lixia River basin had been reported and basic ecological information on species composition and density are lacking. In this study,the zooplankton community and the physicochemical parameters of typical water bodies in the Lixia River basin were investigated. The study was carried out at 20 sampling stations on July 29th（ rainy season） and December24th（ dry season） of 2014. The Shannon-Wiener biodiversity index,Mc Naughton predominance index,Pielou evenness index and Jaccard similarity index were used to characterize zooplankton community structure and the single factor index was used to assess water quality. The study will provide scientific evidence for eco-environmental evaluation and support regulation of the Lixia river basin. Twenty-one zooplankton species（ including varieties） and1 class of nauplii were recorded： 14 rotifer,6 cladocera and 1 copepoda species,accounting for 66. 6%,28. 6%and 4. 8%,respectively,of the total species. The species number and zooplankton biomass at each sampling station ranged from 5 to 15 species and from 9. 8 to 102. 2 ind/L,with rotifers and cladocerans dominating both species number and biomass at all sampling stations. During the dry season and rainy seasons,the similarity indices of the community structure for each sampling station ranged from 0. 18 to 0. 55,and averaged 0. 36,indicating that the eco-environment differed significantly between dry season and rainy season. A total of five dominant species were found during the rainy season and nine species during the dry season,with the degree of dominance ranging from 0. 023 to 0. 297. The Shannon-Wiener biodiversity index and Pielou evenness index of the zooplankton community during the rainy season and dry season ranged from 1. 73 to 3. 56 and 0. 67 to 0. 95,respectively,indicating that the diversity and uniformi

关 键 词：浮游动物 群落结构 里下河腹地 丰水期 枯水期 

分 类 号：Q145[生物学—生态学] X824[生物学—普通生物学]