水深和弹体长径比对超空泡弹体阻力系数及空泡形状影响的实验研究  

The Effects of Water Depth and Length-to-diameter Ratio on Drag Coefficient and Cavity Shape of Underwater Supercavitating Projectiles

作　　者：施红辉[1] 周杨洁[1] 贾会霞[1] 朱棒棒 

机构地区：[1]浙江理工大学机械与自动控制学院,浙江杭州310018

出　　处：《兵工学报》2016年第11期2029-2036,共8页Acta Armamentarii

基　　金：浙江省自然科学基金项目(LY16A020003)

摘　　要：为研究超空泡射弹的运动规律,用高速摄影机拍摄了3种长径比的弹体,在6个不同的水深下产生的超空泡的运动过程,对超空泡与自由面相互作用过程进行了研究。结果表明：随着水深的增加,超空泡的体积会变小,持续时间会变短,弹体的阻力系数会增大;当超空泡可以完全覆盖住弹体的情况下,如果速度相同,随着弹体长径比的增加,超空泡的体积基本保持不变,但其阻力系数会增大;随着水深减小,当超空泡与自由面发生相互作用时,空泡的尺寸（体积）增大、并且空泡的持续时间变长,这应该是大气进入到超空泡内的缘故;以长径比为8的弹体为例,空泡的持续时间从5~6 ms增加到12 ms以上,空泡无量纲长度和直径分别约增加了30%和15%.The supercavitating flows caused by projectiles with 3 different length-to-diameter ratios at6 different depths of water are studied using a high-speed camera and a horizontal supercavity test apparatus. The research results show that,with the increase in water depth,the cavity＇s volume or size becomes smaller and its life time becomes shorter,as well as the drag coefficient of projectile increases.When the projectiles are completely covered by supercavity and their velocities are almost same,the cavity＇s volume keeps unchanged with the increase in the aspect ratio,but its drag coefficient increases. As the water depth decreases,the supercavity starts to interact with the free surface. This causes the increase in the cavity＇s volume（ size） and life time,which is believed due to that the air in atmosphere has entered into the supercavity. For the first time,the interaction process between supercavity and free surface is discussed deeply.

关 键 词：兵器科学与技术 弹体阻力系数 超空泡形状 长径比 水深 实验研究 

分 类 号：TJ630.1[兵器科学与技术—武器系统与运用工程] O352[理学—流体力学]