福州市儿童青少年高血压检出率及相关因素调查  

The detection rate of hypertension and related factors in the children and adolescents in Fuzhou

作　　者：张晓阳[1,2] 徐幽琼[1] 刘小华[1] 邱凤金 汪攀[1] 

机构地区：[1]福州市疾病预防控制中心地方病与慢性病防治科,福建福州350004 [2]福建医科大学公共卫生学院

出　　处：《中华高血压杂志》2016年第10期948-953,共6页Chinese Journal of Hypertension

基　　金：福建省福州市科技计划重点项目(2013-S-130-3)

摘　　要：目的了解福州市儿童青少年高血压检出率情况并探讨其影响因素,为今后开展健康教育提供基础数据。方法于2014年采用整群分层随机抽样方法抽取福州市仓山区中等层次的3所小学、3所初中、2所高中、1所职高,每个学校各年级各随机抽取一个班,对6~17岁的1371人进行面对面问卷调查与体检（血压、身高、体质量、腰围和心率）。结果福州市6~17岁儿童青少年高血压检出率为8.5%,与12~17岁男生比较,6~11岁男、女生和12~17岁女生高血压检出率较低（7.0%、8.7%和7.7%比11.5%;均P〈0.05）;与正常血压组比较,6~11岁男、女生高血压组和12~17岁男生高血压组的体质量指数、腰围显著升高[（21.8±4.0）比（18.4±3.1）kg/m^2,（73.7±11.4）比（63.2±8.5）cm;（19.8±3.5）比（17.1±3.0）kg/m^2,（66.3±8.2）比（59.5±7.1）cm;（22.6±3.6）比（20.4±3.1）kg/m^2,（76.6±9.5）比（70.7±8.4）cm;均P〈0.01];在校正年龄、性别因素后,男女生在6~11岁和12~17岁体质量指数、腰围与收缩压、舒张压仍呈正相关[偏相关系数（r）分别为0.431、0.320和0.457、0.333（6~11岁男生）;0.310、0.231和0.390、0.259（6~11岁女生）;0.316、0.172和0.350、0.225（12~17岁男生）;0.279、0.187和0.286、0.219（12~17岁女生）;均P〈0.05];多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,腰围（异常）、体质量指数（肥胖）、主食〉3份/d、肉类〉2份/d、玩手机时间≥3.5h/周、看电视时间≥14h/周、玩电脑/平板时间≥7h/周与高血压呈正相关,蔬菜≥2份/d、水果〉3份/d、乳类≥1份/d、户外活动时间≥7h/周、步行上学时间≥3.5h/周与高血压呈负相关。结论福州市儿童青少年高血压检出率男生高于女生、青少年组高于儿童组;肥胖、腰围超标、生活方式是高血压的重要影响因素。Objective To investigate the detection rate of hypertension and related factors in the children and adolescents in Fuzhou,and to provide baseline data for health education and health promotion. Methods Three elementary schools,three junior high schools,two senior high schools and one vocational high school with medium levels in Cangshan District of Fuzhou were selected by stratified random cluster sampling method in 2014.One class was randomly selected from each grade in each school as the subjects,and then 1371 students of 6-17 years old were interviewed face-to-face with questionnaires and underwent a physical examination（including blood pressure,height,weight,waist circumference and heart rate）. Results The detection rate of hypertension was 8.5%in the children and adolescents aged 6-17 years in Fuzhou. Compared with the schoolboys aged 12-17 years,the detection rates of hypertension in the schoolboys and schoolgirls aged 6-11 years and schoolgirls aged 12-17 years were lower（7.0%,8.7% and 7.7% vs 11.5%;all P〈0.05）. Compared with the normal group,the body mass index and waist circumference were significantly increased in the hypertension group of schoolboys aged 6-11 years,schoolgirls aged 6-11 years and schoolboys aged 12-17years[（21.8±4.0）vs（18.4±3.1）kg/m^2,（73.7±11.4）vs（63.2±8.5）cm;（19.8±3.5）vs（17.1±3.0）kg/m^2,（66.3±8.2）vs（59.5±7.1）cm;（22.6±3.6）vs（20.4±3.1）kg/m^2,（76.6±9.5）vs（70.7±8.4）cm;respectively,all P〈0.01]. After adjusting for age and gender,the body mass index and waist circumference were still positively correlated with systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in schoolboys and schoolgirls aged 6-11 years and 12-17 years,respectively[partial correlation coefficients（r）were 0.431,0.320 and 0.457,0.333（schoolboys aged 6-11years）;0.310,0.231 and 0.390,0.259（schoolgirls aged 6-11years）;0.316,0.172 and 0.350,0.225（schoolboys aged 12-17year）;0.279,0.187and0.286,0.219（schoolgirls aged 12-17years）;respect

关 键 词：儿童青少年 高血压 检出率 相关因素 

分 类 号：R725.4[医药卫生—儿科]