扬麦16耐迟播早熟特性研究  

Study on the Early Maturing Characteristics of Yangmai 16 under Late Planting

作　　者：王慧[1] 朱冬梅[1] 王君婵[1] 陈明[2] 张晓[1] 高德荣[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所/农业部长江中下游小麦生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,江苏扬州225007 [2]长江大学农学院,湖北荆州434025

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2016年第12期1657-1666,共10页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-3-2-11);江苏省科技支撑计划项目(BE2014351);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目(CX(13)2022);扬州市科技计划项目(YZ2014167)

摘　　要：小麦品种扬麦16自2009年审定以来推广种植面积不断扩大,生产中表现出耐迟播、早熟的特性。为阐明其耐迟播、早熟的生长发育机制,比较了在不同播期（10月20日,早播;11月5日,适播;11月20日,迟播）下扬麦16和当前本地区其他小麦主栽品种的生育特性、群体结构、灌浆特性及产量性状。结果表明,扬麦16在迟播条件下穗粒数和千粒重以及产量下降幅度均最小,稳产性好;扬麦15和扬麦22的早播和适播产量高,而迟播相对于适播的减产幅度大,但减产原因不同,扬麦15穗粒数下降幅度较大,扬麦22则是千粒重下降显著。随着播期的推迟,所有品种的全生育期天数均逐渐缩短。迟播时扬麦16生育期最短,开花期至成熟期天数比其他品种缩短3~5d,但其快速灌浆启动早,持续时间长,灌浆速率峰值大,千粒重高。迟播条件下,扬麦16越冬期茎蘖数、LAI及干物质积累量最大,能保持较大的生长量及分蘖发生量,群体结构协调,这是其迟播高产的基础。扬麦16耐迟播、早熟的特性明显,稳产性好,能满足当前长江中下游麦区小麦迟播早熟的种植需求。Sowing area of wheat variety Yangmai 16 was continuously extend since it was released in 2009,and showed the late sowing resistance and precocity in production. In order to clarify the early maturing characters under late planting condition,Vangmai 16 and some current varieties were planted at three sowing dates of Oct. 20（early sowing）, Nov. 5 （suitable sowing）, Nov. 20（late sowing）. The characters of yield, growth and development, population formation indexes and grain filling were stud- ied. The results showed that, the grain yield, grain number per spike and thousand kernel weigh （TKW） of Yangmai 16 decreased under late planting condition,but the rate of decreasing was lowest than other varieties. Yangmai 15 and Yangmai 22 had the highest grain yield on early sowing and suit- able sowing date, and decreased seriously on late sowing date, but the reason were different, grain number per spike reducing of Yangmai 15, while Yangmai 22 reducing the TKW. The grain yield of Yangmai 158 and Ningmai 13 were minimum. With the delaying of the sowing date,the growth period of all wheat varieties shortened. Under late planting,Yangmai 16 had the shortest growth period andthe days from anthesis to maturity were shorter 3--5 days than other varieties. But Yangmai 16 per- formed grain-filling starting earlier, longer grain filling time and higher grain filling rate, which were beneficial to ensure the stable grains weigh under shorten growth period. LAI, stem number and dry matter accumulation amount of Yangmai 16 in wintering period were highest, with relatively high growth and tillers occurrence, population structure was good, which lay the foundation of high-yielding under late sowing condition. In summary, Yangmai 16 had better characters of early maturing, good yield stability and adaptability to late planting, which is suitable for the demand of current situation in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river.

关 键 词：小麦 品种 扬麦16 成熟期 产量 灌浆 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S312