棉花秸秆还田对土壤团聚体有机碳及氮磷钾含量的影响  

Effects of cotton straw returning on soil organic carbon,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium contents in soil aggregates

作　　者：王双磊 刘艳慧[1] 宋宪亮[1] 魏少滨 李金埔[1,4] 聂军军 秦都林 孙学振[1] 

机构地区：[1]作物生物学国家重点实验室/山东农业大学农学院,山东泰安271018 [2]烟台市农业技术推广中心,山东烟台264001 [3]山东省东营区史口镇农业综合服务中心,山东东营257000 [4]平顶山市种子管理站,河南平顶山467000

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2016年第12期3944-3952,共9页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD05B06);山东省现代农业产业技术体系(棉花)建设专项(SDAIT-03);山东省农业良种工程项目(2013LZ;2014LZ);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2013CM005);山东农业大学盐碱地改良利用项目(2014)资助~~

摘　　要：试验设置棉花秸秆还田和不还田两个处理,还田年限为3年.于第3年11月采集0～5、5～10、10～20和20～30 cm的原状土,采用干筛法将土壤团粒结构分级,研究棉花秸秆还田对土壤团聚体组成和不同粒径土壤团聚体中有机碳和速效氮、磷、钾含量的影响.结果表明： 在0～5 cm土层,棉花秸秆还田显著提高了〉5和5～2 mm团聚体含量,显著降低了〈0.25 mm微团聚体含量;团聚体有机碳、碱解氮和速效钾含量显著提高,平均提高幅度分别为19.2%、14.2%和17.3%.在5～10 cm土层中,棉花秸秆还田显著提高了〉5和5～2 mm团聚体含量,显著降低了〈0.25 mm微团聚体含量;团聚体有机碳、碱解氮和速效钾显著提高,平均提高幅度分别为19.6%、12.6%和23.4%.在10～20 cm土层中,棉花秸秆还田显著降低了〈0.25 mm微团聚体含量;团聚体有机碳、碱解氮和速效钾含量显著提高,平均提高幅度分别为8.4%、10.9%和11.5%.在20～30 cm土层中,棉花秸秆还田仅显著提高了团聚体速效钾含量,比对照提高了12.0%.棉花秸秆还田显著提高了0～5、5～10 cm土层〉5和2～5 mm团聚体各养分贡献率及0.25～0.5 mm团聚体有机碳、碱解氮贡献率,显著降低了〈0.25 mm微团聚体各养分贡献率.棉花秸秆还田能增加大团聚体百分含量,降低微团聚体百分含量;显著提高各粒径土壤团聚体中有机碳、碱解氮和速效钾的含量,对速效磷含量无显著影响;提高了大团聚体对土壤养分的贡献率,有利于土壤结构及其养分状况的改善和棉花籽棉、皮棉产量的提高.To clarify the effects of cotton straw returning on the composition and contents of nu-trients in different particle sizes of aggregates, two treatments with or without cotton straw returning were tested in continuous three years. After three years straw treatments, we collected undisturbed soil within 0-5, 5-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm soil layers, and to measure the composition, soil organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents in different particle sizes of aggregates classified using dry sieving. Returning cotton straw into the field significantly increased particle contents of 2-5 mm and 〉5 mm aggregates in 0-5 cm soil layer, while the content of 〈0.25 mm microaggregates was decreased. Cotton straw returning significantly improved soil organic carbon, nitrogen, and potassium contents by 19.2%, 14.2% and 17.3%, respectively, compared to no returning control. In 5-10 cm soil layer, cotton straw returning increased the contents of 2-5 mm and 〉5 mm aggregates, reduced the content of 〈0.25 mm microaggregate, but significantly increased contents of soil organic carbon, available nitrogen and potassium by 19.6%, 12.6% and 23.4%, compared to no straw returning control. In 10-20 cm soil layer, cotton straw returning significantly reduced the content of 〈0.25 mm microaggregates, and significantly enhanced soil organic carbon, nitrogen, and potassium contents by 8.4%, 10.9% and 11.5%, compared to the control. However, in 20-30 cm soil layer, cotton straw returning only increased soil available potassium content by 12.0%, while there were no significant changes in particle size, organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus contents. We concluded that cotton straw returning could significantly improve the structure of surface soil by increasing the number of macroaggregates, contents of organic carbon, available nitrogen and potassium in aggregates, while decreasing microaggregate content. The enhancement of the contribution of macroaggregates to soil fertility by returning

关 键 词：棉花 秸秆还田 土壤团聚体 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学] S158[农业科学—农业基础科学]