AM真菌控制蚕豆枯萎病发生的根际微生物效应  

Rhizosphere microbial impacts of alleviating faba bean Fusarium wilt with inoculating AM fungi

作　　者：董艳[1] 董坤[2] 杨智仙[3] 汤利[1] 郑毅[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学资源与环境学院,昆明650201 [2]云南农业大学食品科技学院,昆明650201 [3]云南大学,昆明650091

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2016年第12期4029-4038,共10页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31360507;31560586;31060277;31460551;31210103906);云南省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2015FA022)资助~~

摘　　要：在温室盆栽条件下,研究了接种尖孢镰刀菌蚕豆专化型和丛枝菌根(AM)真菌(摩西球囊霉Gm、扭形球囊霉Gt、根内球囊霉Gi及幼套球囊霉Ge)对灭菌连作土壤中蚕豆幼苗生长、枯萎病发生、根际镰刀菌数量和微生物代谢功能多样性的影响.结果表明:接种AM真菌能显著增加蚕豆幼苗地上部和地下部鲜质量;接种Gm、Gt、Gi和Ge真菌使蚕豆枯萎病病情指数分别显著降低94.0%、60.0%、64.0%和94.0%,使蚕豆根际镰刀菌数量分别显著降低98.6%、74.3%、77.8%和90.4%,以Gm和Ge真菌对蚕豆枯萎病的抑制效应最好.接种Gm、Gt和Ge显著提高了根际微生物对糖类(CH)、氨基酸类(AA)、羧酸类(CA)和酚酸类(PA)碳源的利用,使蚕豆根际微生物的AWCD值分别显著提高34.4%、31.5%和50.8%;而接种Gi对AA、CA、PA类碳源利用和AWCD值均无显著影响,使微生物对CH类碳源的利用显著降低59.3%.主成分和相关分析表明,接种AM真菌明显改变了蚕豆根际微生物的群落结构.接种Gt真菌提高了蚕豆根际微生物对AA类碳源(β-甲基-D-葡萄糖苷、D-半乳糖酸-γ-内酯、D-甘露醇、N-乙酰基-D-葡萄糖胺、D-纤维二糖)和CA类碳源(D-半乳糖醛酸)的利用,而接种Gi真菌降低了微生物对以上碳源的利用;接种Gm和Ge真菌提高了根际微生物对L-精氨酸和4-羟基苯甲酸的利用.表明糖类和羧酸类是接种Gt真菌后蚕豆根际土壤微生物利用的主要碳源,氨基酸和酚酸类是接种Gm和Ge后蚕豆根际土壤微生物利用的主要碳源.接种AM真菌显著提高了蚕豆根际微生物的活性,改变了微生物群落结构并抑制病原菌的增殖,是AM真菌减轻了蚕豆枯萎病的发生的重要原因.不同AM真菌减轻了蚕豆枯萎病的发生与其改变微生物的碳源利用密切相关.Greenhouse pot trials were conducted to investigate the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus （Glomus mosseae, Glomus tortuosum, Glomus intraradices and Glomus etunicatum） inoculation on the seedling growth, occurance of Fusarium wilt, population of Fusarium oxysporum and rhizosphere microbial community functional diversity in faba bean rhizosphere soil. Results showed that after inoculation of G. mosseae, G. tortuosum, G. intraradices and G. etunicatum, the shoot and root fresh mass of faba bean seedlings increased significantly, the disease index of faba bean fusarium wilt decreased significantly by 94.0%, 60.0%, 64.0% and 94.0%, respectively, the amount of F. oxysporum of faba bean rhizosphere decreased significantly by 98.6%, 74.3%, 77.8% and 90.4%, respectively. The best inhibitory effects to Fusarium wilt were with G. mosseae and G. etunicatum treatments. Inoculation of G. mosseae, G. tortuosum and G. etunicatum significantly increased carbon sources utilization ability of carbohydrates, amino acids, carboxylic acids and phenolic acids, with the average well color development （AWCD） value being increased by 34.4%, 31.5% and 50.8% respectively, but such significant differences were not observed with inoculation of G. intraradice. Principal component analyses showed that inoculation of G. mosseae, G. tortuosum and G. etunicatum fungi changed the rhizospheric microbial community composition. Correlation analyses showed that the utilization of carbohydrates carbon sources （β-Methyl-D-glucoside, D-Galacturonic acid, D-Mannitol, N-AcetylD-Glucosamine, D-Cellobiose,） and carboxylic acids carbon sources （D-Galactonic acid-γ-Lactone） were significantly increased after inoculation of G. tortuosum, and the utilization of L-Arginine and 4-Hydroxy benzoic acid significantly increased after inoculation of G. mosseae and G. etunicatum. Carbohydrates, carboxylic acids w

关 键 词：AM真菌 蚕豆枯萎病 微生物功能多样性 

分 类 号：S436.43[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]