基于SWAT的汾河运城段非点源污染模拟与研究  

SWAT model based simulation of non-point source pollution for Yuncheng section of Fen river

作　　者：李丹[1] 冯民权[1] 白继中[2] 苟婷[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学西北旱区生态水利工程国家重点实验室培育基地,陕西西安710048 [2]山西水利职业技术学院,山西运城044004

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第11期111-118,共8页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金项目(20126118110015);陕西省科技统筹创新工程重点项目(2013SZS02-Z01);山西省水利技术研究项目(2013年)

摘　　要：【目的】对汾河运城段非点源污染进行模拟与分析,为该流域非点源污染控制提供依据。【方法】构建汾河运城段的非点源污染SWAT(Soil and water assessment tool)模型,根据河津水文站2005-2010年的实测逐月径流、泥沙和水质数据对模型进行率定和验证,并利用率定好的模型对研究区域的非点源污染进行模拟研究与分析。【结果】建立了包括土壤侵蚀、水文过程和污染负荷子模型的汾河运城段非点源污染模型,该模型对研究区域的适应性较好,可用于流域非点源污染的模拟研究;对非点源污染负荷时间分布规律的分析表明,研究区域各水文年的非点源污染负荷为丰水年>平水年>枯水年,而且发生在汛期(7-10月)的TN、TP流失量分别在60%和70%以上;对非点源污染空间分布特征的分析发现,研究区域内污染的关键区域主要为万荣与新绛县部分子流域,该部分区域降雨量、土壤侵蚀性均较大,并且坡度也相较其他区域大,因而产沙量相对较大,再加上农业活动的影响最终导致非点源污染相对较大,由此可见控制非点源负荷产出的关键在于减少流域的水土流失;对研究区域内TN、TP各类污染源贡献率进行分析可知,研究区域的非点源TN、TP负荷中分别有46.3%和53.5%为土壤养分流失所产生。【结论】汾河运城段非点源污染的控制重点在汛期(7-10月),采取相应措施减少水土流失、降低土壤养分流失、减少农业用肥量可以有效地控制研究区域的非点源污染。【Objective】This paper simulated the non-point source pollution of Yuncheng section of Fen river to provide basis for pollution control.【Method】The soil and water assessment tool（SWAT）was constructed to simulate and calibrate non-point source pollution of Yuncheng section of Fen river.Monthly observed runoff,sediment and water quality data from 2005 to 2010at Hejin hydrological station were used to verify the model.【Result】（1）The non-point source pollution model including soil erosion,hydrological processes and pollution load sub-models had good adaptability in the study area,and can be used for simulation of non-point source pollution.（2）The result of time-distribution regularity showed that the non-point source pollution load was in the order of rainy yearnormal yeardry year.The amounts of TN loss andTP loss in flood season（July to October）accounted for more than 60% and 70% of total annual loads.（3）Analysis of spatial-distribution regularity showed that some sub-basins of Wanrong and Xinjiang were heavily polluted since the sediment production was more due to large precipitation,soil erosion,slope,and agricultural activities.（4）The loss of soil nutrients contributed to 46.3% and 53.5%to total TN and TP loads.【Conclusion】Appropriate measures such as reducing soil erosion,loss of soil nutrients and agricultural fertilization should be taken in flood season（July to October）for controlling non-point source pollution for Yuncheng section of Fen river.

关 键 词：SWAT模型 非点源污染 汾河运城段 

分 类 号：X502[环境科学与工程—环境工程]