负水头供液施肥对温室番茄水分利用效率的影响  

Effects of Negative Pressure Fertigation on Tomato Water Use Efficiency in Solar Greenhouse

作　　者：李银坤[1] 徐凡[1] 薛绪掌[1] 王利春[1] 陈菲[1] 郭文忠[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京农业智能装备技术研究中心,北京100097

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2016年第12期42-45,共4页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51509005);北京市优秀人才项目(2015000057592G267);北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项(KJCX20140415)

摘　　要：为探讨日光温室番茄的日蒸散量变化规律,明确日光温室番茄合理的灌溉施肥模式,基于负水头供液系统研究了常规基追肥处理（F1）、按EC值调配的施肥处理（F2）和山崎大量元素配方施肥处理（F3）对日光温室番茄日蒸散量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,基于负水头供液系统可以实现0~20 cm土壤含水率的精确控制,各处理变异系数（CV）仅为5.92%~11.9%。日光温室番茄的日蒸散量变动幅度为0.43~5.90 mm,呈先升高后降低的单峰曲线。开花坐果期为日光温室番茄蒸散量最大的时期,日均蒸散量达3.65~3.78 mm,蒸散量可占到全生育期的60%以上。处理F3的生育期蒸散量最大,与处理F1和F2相比,分别增加了3.72%和2.09%。温室番茄的生物量和产量以及生物量水分利用效率和产量水分利用效率均以处理F3为最高,与处理F1相比,分别提高了29.0%和24.1%以及16.4%和9.84%。综合分析,采用山崎大量元素配方的施肥处理（F3）不仅增加了番茄蒸散量和产量,而且提高了水分利用效率,为供试条件下最优的水肥管理模式。In order to investigate the change rules of tomato daily evapotranspiration and identify the reasonable fertigation mode in solar greenhouse, the negative pressure irrigation system with different fertilization patterns were used to study the daily evapotranspiration and wa- ter use efficiency in greenhouse tomato growing. This study included conventional basal and topdressing fertilizer （ F1 ）, fertilization treatment according to EC value （F2） and a large number of elements Yamazaki tomato fertilization treatment （F3）. The results showed that soil mois- ture （0~20 cm） was accurately controlled and the coefficient variation of different treatments was only 5.92% ~ 11.9% under the negative pressure irrigation system conditions. The amount of tomato daily evapotranspiration was 0.43~ 5.90 mm and showed a single peak curve. The evapotranspiration of greenhouse tomato in flowering and fruit bearing periods is the largest, and the average daily evaporation of this period was 3.65 ~ 3.78 mm, which accounted for over 60% of the whole growth period. The evapotranspiration of F3 during the tomato growth period was largest, which was increased by 3.72% and 2.09%, respectively, than the treatment of F1 and F2. The F3 treatment had the highest bio- mass, yield, biomass water use efficiency and yield water use efficiency, which is increased by 29.0%, 24.1%, 16.4% and 9.84%, respec- tively, than the treatment of F1. In a word, the treatment F3 with a large number of elements Yamazaki tomato fertilization was the optimal fertigation mode in this study, which can not only increase the evapotranspiration and yield, but also improve the water use efficiency.

关 键 词：负水头供液系统 日光温室 番茄 日蒸散量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S147[农业科学—肥料学]