环境空气颗粒物及其组分对呼吸系统健康的影响  

Impacts of airborne particulate matter and its components on respiratory system health

作　　者：曹丽敏[1] 周芸[1] 张庄[1] 孙维伟[1] 穆阁 陈卫红[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学同济医学院公共卫生学院劳动卫生与环境卫生学系 环境与健康教育部重点实验室 国家环境保护部环境与健康重点实验室,武汉430030

出　　处：《中华预防医学杂志》2016年第12期1114-1118,共5页Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金（91543207）;国家重点基础研究发展计划（2011CB503804）

摘　　要：空气颗粒物（PM）污染目前已成为全球环境问题。大量研究表明，长期暴露于高水平PM会损害人类健康。而呼吸系统作为人体接触外界PM的门户，受到环境PM的危害更为严重。本文结合近期国内外人群的流行病学调查资料，分别对PM暴露对不同年龄层人群呼吸系统健康的影响进行综述，探讨了颗粒物或其组分对人体肺功能改变、慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）以及哮喘影响。结果发现在一定程度上PM可通过氧化应激和炎性反应等作用引起肺功能的下降，也可引起COPD发病，加快哮喘的病程进展，提示PM的暴露可能是影响呼吸系统健康的一个重要危险因素。Nowadays, particulate air pollution has been a global environmental problem. Numerous studies has shown that long-term exposure to high level of airborne particulate matter （PM） can damage human health. Respiratory system, as a direct portal to contact with particulate matter, can be more susceptible to airborne particulates. Summarizing latest five-year epidemiological research, the present review is focused on the effects of PM on respiratory system health in different age groups. In detail, we investigated the harmful effect of PM, or its components on three common respiratory diseases, including lung function decline, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） and asthma. The result showed that, to a certain degree, PM could induce the decline of lung function, the development and the exacerbation of COPD and asthma by oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction. And it may prompt that exposure to PM can be an improtant risk factor for the respiratory system health.

关 键 词：空气颗粒物 肺功能 慢性阻塞性肺病 哮喘 

分 类 号：R122[医药卫生—环境卫生学] X513[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]