海丰盐碱地区秸秆全量还田下机直播稻水分管理最优模式探究  

The Optimal Water Management Pattern of Mechanical Direct-seeding Rice in Haifeng Saline Area with Returning Whole Straws to Field

作　　者：叶高潮 陈明 王美娥 曹晓利 孙小明 赵田芬 

机构地区：[1]上海海丰现代农业有限公司,江苏大丰224153

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2016年第31期20-22,共3页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：[目的]探明海丰盐碱地区机直播稻水分管理的最优模式。[方法]以淮稻5号为研究材料,设置3种水分管理模式,观察不同水分管理模式对水稻群体发育、株型、穗型、产量及其构成因素的影响。[结果]轻干-湿灌溉处理下的水稻产量最高,达10 458.00 kg/hm2,其穗部性状较好,一次枝梗和二次枝梗数目较多,株型配置较为合理,成穗率较高。虽然常规水层灌溉有效穗数较多(318.0万穗/hm2),但由于其无效分蘖数目多,群体数量过大,田间通风透光能力较差,植株下部光照不足,导致千粒重以及结实率显著降低;重干-湿处理下由于有效穗数严重减少,千粒重以及结实率下降显著,这2种处理下的产量均受不同程度的影响。[结论]轻干-湿交替灌溉方式优化了海丰盐碱地区机直播稻水分管理模式,为机直播稻高产栽培提供了实用的配套水分管理技术。[Objective] In order to explore the optimal water management pattern of mechanical direct-seeding rice in Haifeng saline area.[Method]With Huaidao 5 as research object,different water management pattern were conducted to study the effect of different pattern on population develpoment,plant types,panicle characteristics,yield and component factors. [Result]The grain yield of the alternate wetting and moderate soil drying regime was the highest（ 10 458. 00 kg / hm2）. In this treatment panicle characters of rice performed well,the amount of the first and secondary panicle branches were more,the configuration of plant type was reasonable,and earbearing tiller percentage of rice population was higher. Although the number of productive ear was relatively more under the conventional water irrigation（ reached to 318. 0 × 10^4 ears / hm2）,the ineffective tillers and population number were too large,ventilation pervious capacity of the field was poor,and insufficient light reached to lower leaves,all these factors caused 1 000-grain weight and the setting percentage significantly reduced. The number of productive ear,1 000-grain weight and setting percentage were all severely reduced under the alternate wetting and severe soil drying regime. Therefore the yield of both the two water treatments were influenced at different extents.[Conclusion] The water management pattern of mechanical direct-seeding rice in Haifeng saline area was optimized by the alternate wetting and moderate soil drying regime,which can provide practical water pipe technology for high yield cultivation of mechanical direct-seeding rice.

关 键 词：机直播稻 海丰盐碱地区 水分管理 最优模式 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]