中国残疾人扶贫的发展历程与政策变迁  

The Development Process and Policy Evolution of China's Poverty Alleviation for the Disabled People

作　　者：吴敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院研究生院,北京102488

出　　处：《西部论坛》2016年第6期74-82,共9页West Forum

基　　金：国家民委民族问题研究项目(2015-GM-237)

摘　　要：新中国成立以来,中国残疾人扶贫实践在不断的摸索中前进,大致经历了五个阶段:社会救济式的非正式扶贫阶段、正式扶贫的起步阶段、扶贫攻坚阶段、长远规划阶段和精准扶贫的机制创新阶段;其间,扶贫政策的变迁呈现出七种趋势:从救济式非正式扶贫到专业扶贫开发、从局部扶贫到全面扶贫、从单一要素扶贫到综合要素扶贫、从粗略扶贫到精准扶贫、扶贫目标从短期实现和解决生存问题到长远规划和兼顾生存与发展、扶贫主体从单一到多元化、扶贫措施从简单和非专业到多样和专业化。目前残疾人扶贫仍然存在重视数量、不重视质量,精准化程度不够,各部门扶贫任务不明确、考核机制缺失,领导机制与服务机制不完善,注重客观扶贫、不注重主观扶贫等问题。应坚持多元、综合的残疾人扶贫方向,加强残疾人社会保障体系建设,建立和完善残疾人精准扶贫工作机制、领导机制和服务机制,并充分发挥贫困残疾人的主体能动作用。Since the founding of in the continuous exploration and new China, China＇ s poverty alleviation practice for the disabled people has been roughly experienced such five mechanism innovation stages as the informal poverty alleviation stage with the characteristics of the social relief, the initial stage of formal poverty alleviation, a crucial stage for poverty alleviation, a long-term planning stage, and the stage for precise poverty alleviation. During these stages, poverty alleviation policy evolution has such seven tendencies as from relief-style informal poverty alleviation to specialized poverty alleviation development, from local poverty alleviation to global poverty alleviation, from single factor poverty alleviation to comprehensive factors poverty alleviation, from rough poverty alleviation to precise poverty alleviation, poverty alleviation goal from short-term realization and solving survival problems to long-term plan and solving both survival and development problems, the main body of poverty alleviation from single to diversification, and poverty alleviation measure from simple and non-specialized to diversification and specialization. Presently, the poverty alleviation for the disabled people still has problems in laying emphasis on the quantity not on quality, insufficient precision, unclear poverty alleviation task of each department and short of examination mechanism, incomplete leadership mechanism and service mechanism, the importance attached to objective poverty alleviation not to subjective poverty alleviation and so on. China should stick to multiple and comprehensive poverty alleviation direction for the disabled people, consolidate social security system construction for the disabled people, set up and perfect the working mechanism, leadership mechanism and service mechanism of precise poverty alleviation for the disabled people, and let the disabled people sufficiently play their subjective and active role.

关 键 词：残疾人扶贫 “造血式”扶贫 “输血式”扶贫 精准扶贫 扶贫开发 残疾人社会保障体系 社会救济制度 残疾人联合会 

分 类 号：F323.8[经济管理—产业经济]