太平洋战争期间日本的战争指导大纲  

Japan's General Guidelines for War during the Pacific War

作　　者：张艳茹[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院世界历史研究所,北京100006

出　　处：《军事历史研究》2016年第5期74-86,共13页Military History Research

摘　　要：太平洋战争期间,日本曾先后四次制定《今后应采取的战争指导大纲》,作为指导战争的纲领性文件。大纲主要规定未来战争要达到的目标以及为实现目标采取何种战略、政略、外交方针等。从这四个文件制定的背景和时间节点来看,第一个是日本在战争初期取得超出预期的战果后进行的积极的战、政略规划,后三次则是在战局发展不利情况下的被迫调整。从各文件规定的战略目标的变化,可纵观太平洋战争期间日本在战略上从主动到被动、从进攻到防守的转变及其作战区域的不断缩小。从文件的内容亦可看出,日本对外侵略的核心目标是妄图建立所谓"大东亚新秩序"。在侵略野心驱动下,日本在重大战略问题上往往轻视国家综合实力对战争的影响,制定远超自己实力的战略目标,战略及战术层面常呈现冒险性。During the Pacific War,for four times,the Japanese government formulated General Guidelines for Future War,a programmatic document for war guidance. The guidelines chiefly stipulated the goals of the future war,and the strategies,political and foreign policies to be adopted for the attainment of the war goals. The backgrounds and time nodes of the four documents show that the first one came out when Japan wanted to make active strategic and political planning at the beginning of the war. The other three were passive adjustments in disadvantageous situations. The shifts of the strategic objectives in the documents revealed that during the Pacific War,Japan was experiencing changes in strategy from being active to passive,from being offensive to defensive; and its combat zone was shrinking continuously. The contents of the documents exposed Japan＇s ambition to build ＂the Great East Asian New Order ＂. But this ambition,which was far beyond its comprehensive national strength,drove it to set unrealistic strategic objectives and to make risky strategic and tactical decisions.

关 键 词：日本 太平洋战争 《今后应采取的战争指导大纲》 

分 类 号：K712[历史地理—历史学] E19[历史地理—世界史]