上海松江区石湖荡镇6岁以下外来儿童疫苗接种率及影响因素分析  

The inoculation rate and related influencing factors among floating children under 6 years old in Shihudang sub-district in Songjiang of Shanghai

作　　者：吴元英 孙建平 王辉 

机构地区：[1]上海松江区石湖荡镇社区卫生服务中心,上海201604

出　　处：《现代医学》2016年第10期1360-1364,共5页Modern Medical Journal

基　　金：上海松江区公共卫生合作项目(2014-06)

摘　　要：目的:了解松江区石湖荡镇外来儿童免疫接种率,发现潜在的影响因素,以采取相应措施提高免疫接种水平。方法:采用整群抽样法从石湖荡镇11个行政村和2个街道随机抽取6个行政村和1个街道社区,将所有外来儿童的家长作为调查对象,最后共调查600人。结果:600名儿童中,男孩322人(53.67%),女孩278人(46.33%);儿童最小年龄为2个月,最大年龄为6岁,平均(1.18±1.62)岁;99.50%的儿童在沪携带有预防接种证。外来儿童的基础免疫情况良好,7种一类疫苗接种率均>98%,但外来儿童的加强免疫较差,灰苗加2接种率为25%,而乙脑疫苗加2接种率仅为16.67%;6.33%的外来儿童未完成适龄疫苗的接种,主要原因包括孩子生病(63.16%)、忘记带孩子接种(31.58%)和不知道接种时间(5.26%)。单因素和多因素分析结果显示,儿童年龄和来沪后变更居住地址是影响适龄疫苗接种率的因素。结论:松江区石湖荡镇外来儿童基础免疫情况良好,但加强免疫较薄弱。建议进一步优化流动人口的"网格化"管理,加强宣传教育;同时建立有效机制,加强与外来人口管理部门沟通,提高疫苗接种率,保护儿童健康。Objective： To learn the inoculation rate and related influencing factors among floating children in Shihudang sub-district,so as to implement intervention measures to increase the inoculation rate. Methods：Cluster sampling method was applied to select 6 villages and 1 community from the 11 villages and 2 communities in Shihudang sub-district. Parents of floating children in these study sites were selected as study subjects,and we finally interviewed 600 parents. Results： 600 floating children including 322 boys（ 53. 67%） and 278 girls（ 46. 33%）,the youngest was 2 months old and the oldest was 6 years old,with an average age of（ 1. 18 ± 1. 62）years old. 99. 50% of these floating children had inoculation certification in Shanghai. The fundamental inoculation conditions among floating children were ideal,the inoculation rates of 7 type Ⅰ vaccines were over 98%,but the reinforced inoculation conditions were weak as the encephalitis vaccine rate was only 16. 67% and the polio vaccine rate was 25%. 6. 33% of floating children was inoculated incompletely,the explanation including children was sick ahead（ 63. 16%）,forgot the inoculation time（ 31. 58%） and didn’t know the inoculation time（ 5. 26%）. Chisquare test indicated that floating children age and residential site change were closely related with the low inoculation rate. Conclusion： The fundamental inoculation conditions among floating children are ideal,but the reinforced inoculation conditions are weak. We suggest that ‘web formation’ management should be strengthened,health education should be boosted,and cooperation among different departments should be enhanced to ensure that parents of floating children can be contacted conveniently,and finally to increase the inoculation rate and protect the health of children.

关 键 词：外来儿童 疫苗接种率 影响因素 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]