足球场草坪不同施肥条件下的养分渗漏流失状况  

Nutrient Leaching Loss from Using Different Fertilizers Types on Soccer Field Turf

作　　者：张宝军[1,2,3] 熊东红[1,2] Charlotte Moerkerke 杨丹[1,2,3] Donald Gabriels Wim Cornelis 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院山地灾害与地表过程重点实验室,四川成都610041 [2]中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,四川成都610041 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]比利时根特大学

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2016年第11期2669-2675,共7页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中国科学院"西部之光"人才培养计划重点项目(Y4R2060060);国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2015CB452704);国家自然科学基金项目(41571277)

摘　　要：合理施肥是促进足球场地草皮生长的有效方式,进而影响球场比赛质量,但施肥可能导致地表水及地下水质恶化,减少可饮用水资源。本文采用随机排列小区试验的方法,研究了矿物肥料、有机肥料、矿物-有机混合肥等3种肥料类型对草皮养分元素的流失及其地上、地下生物量的影响效果,并探讨了造成草皮对各肥料类型吸收利用率不同的主要原因。结果表明,1各肥料类型处理小区渗出物中N、P浓度均无显著性差异,且均显著低于相应元素的容许限;而3种肥料类型的K浓度都超过了环境容许限度,即施用K量超过草皮吸收利用的能力;2植物可利用水量、土壤排水孔大小及渗透性的差异是导致各肥料类型处理小区渗出物中养分浓度差异的主要原因;3不同肥料类型处理小区的根系密度(地下生物量)无显著差异,而草皮地上部分的生物量大小按照以下顺序排列:有机肥料处理>矿物肥料处理>矿物-有机肥处理,但差异不显著。Applying fertilizer is an effective way to provide a dense turf growth, which has a great impact on a soccer game. However, the application of fertilizers can potentially lead to a reduction of the available water resource and the pollution of surface and ground water. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of three fertilizers types on nutrient leaching, and above and below ground biomass of turf grass. Small 2.5 × 1.9 m non-weighing lysimetem with artificial profile layering of coarse material underlying a 10 cm organic layer were treated with six doses of mineral, an organic and a mineral-organic fertilizer at a recommended rate of 170 kgN· hm^ - 2,55 kg P2O5· hm ^- 2 （except 60 kg P2O5 · hm^-2 for organic fertilizer）, 170 kgK2O·hm^- 2 each, and exposed to natural conditions prevailing in a temperate maritime climate from 6.91℃ to 14.21℃. The results indicated that ： （i） the mean N and P concentrations measured in the leachate of the plots over the total measuring period were not significantly different over the fertilizer types, and the means were all significantly lower than the tolerance of 11.3 mg· L^ -1 for N and 2. 183 mg · L ^-1 for P. In contrast, the mean K concentrations of the three fertilizer types were all higher than the maximum allowable limit 12 mg · L^- 1, indicating that the applied K content of three fertilizer types all exceeded the upper limit of tuff grass. （ii） The difference of the plant available water content, the volume of drainage pores and the infiltration rates were the main reasons causing the difference of the nutrient concentrations in the leachate of the plots. （iii） The above and below ground biomasses （root density） of the turf grass were both not significantly different over the three fertilizer types.

关 键 词：生物量 施肥类型 养分浓度 土壤物理参数 足球场 比利时 

分 类 号：S147.2[农业科学—肥料学]