3种海棠叶片解剖结构与抗旱性的关系  

Relationship Between Anatomical Structure of Leaf and Drought Resistance of 3 Chinese Flowering Crabapple

作　　者：武春霞[1] 杨静慧[1] 索何凤 宋雪佳[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津农学院园艺园林学院,天津300384

出　　处：《天津农业科学》2016年第12期11-14,27,共5页Tianjin Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：天津市科技成果转化及产业化推进计划项目"优质彩叶北美海棠新品种种苗的规模化繁育"(14ZXNZNC0040);天津市应用基础与前沿技术研究计划项目"耐盐耐旱彩叶植物品种筛选和耐盐机理研究"(14JCTPJC00530)

摘　　要：为了适应天津干旱半干旱的气候特征,园林绿化时应选择抗旱性强的植物。本试验通过徒手切片的方法,以西府海棠、珠美海棠、北美海棠3种植物为试验材料,通过测量其表皮厚度、气孔密度、气孔大小、叶肉厚度及主脉厚度等指标,分析3种海棠的解剖结构与抗旱性的关系。结果显示:西府海棠表皮最厚为80.55μm,珠美海棠表皮最薄为47.6μm;西府海棠的角质膜厚度最厚为39.83μm,北美海棠次之为35.6μm,珠美海棠角质膜最薄为21.1μm;表皮气孔密度最大的是西府海棠(197个·mm^(-2)),最小的是珠美海棠(88个·mm^(-2));北美海棠的栅栏组织较珠美海棠(537.39μm)和西府海棠(540μm)厚,为674μm;西府海棠的主脉最厚,为1 975.7μm,珠美海棠主脉最薄,为1 654.6μm;北美海棠的栅海比最大,为139.83%,西府海棠的栅海比最小,为62.01%;北美海棠的叶片组织紧密度最大,为49.29%,西府海棠组织结构紧密度最小,为32.83%。根据以上数据的分析得出结论,3种海棠的抗旱性为:西府海棠>北美海棠>珠美海棠。In order to adapt to the soil characteristics of arid and semi-arid, strong drought resistance of tree species should be cultivated in Tianjin. This test used hand sliced method,with midget crabapple,Malus zumi, North American crabapple as plant material,observed its epidermal thickness,stomatal density,stomatal size,leaf cuticle thickness and the main vein structure and other indicators. The results showed that epidermis of midget crabapple was the thickest, the skin thickness was 80.55 μm. Malus zumi had the thinnest skin, the skin thickness was 47.6 μm. Midget crabapple had the most cuticle thickness 39.83 μm, North America crabapple,followed by about 35.6 μm, Malus zumi about 21.1 μm. The largest lower stomatal density was 197 plant·mm^（-2）, and the smallest was Malus zumi（88 plant·mm^（-2））. The palisade tissue of North American crabapple was the thickest 674 μm than Malus zumi（537.39μm） and midget crabapple（540 μm）. The main thickest vein of midget crabapple was 1 975.7 μm, Malus zumi was 1 654.6 μm. The palisade ratio of North American Begonia was 139.83%, the tightness of leaf tissue was 49.29%, the spongy tissue of North American crabapple was the maximum 139.83%, midget crabapple was the minimum for 62.01%.The leaf tissue of North American crabapple was maximum, 49.29%, the organizational structure of midget crabapple was minimum, 32.83%. According to the above data,the order of three kinds of drought resistance plants were midget crabapple 〉North American crabapple〉 Malus zumi.

关 键 词：海棠 徒手切片 解剖结构 抗旱性 

分 类 号：Q944.56[生物学—植物学]