中国蚂蚁丰富度地理分布格局及其与环境因子的关系  

Relationships between geographic patterns of ant species richness and environmental factors in China

作　　者：沈梦伟 陈圣宾[2] 毕孟杰 陈文德[1] 周可新[2] 

机构地区：[1]成都理工大学旅游与城乡规划学院,成都610059 [2]环境保护部南京环境科学研究所,南京210042 [3]成都理工大学地球科学学院,成都610059

出　　处：《生态学报》2016年第23期7732-7739,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家环境保护公益性行业科研专项(201409055);国家科技支撑计划(2012BAC01B08)

摘　　要：物种丰富度分布格局及其形成机制的研究对于生物多样性保护具有重要意义。为了了解中国蚂蚁物种丰富度分布格局,利用中国省级尺度蚂蚁物种分布数据和环境信息,结合GIS和数理统计方法,探讨蚂蚁物种丰富度的地理分布格局与环境因子之间的关系。研究结果表明:(1)蚂蚁丰富度随纬度增加呈逐渐递减趋势,但缺乏显著的经度梯度。丰富度最高的地区主要集中在南方省份,我国北方、西北干旱区和青藏高原北部地区丰富度较低;(2)简单线性回归分析表明,能量、水分和季节性因素中,影响蚂蚁物种丰富度最强的因子分别为最冷月均温(TEMmin)(R2adj=0.532)、年均降水量(PREC)(R2adj=0.376)和年温度变化范围(TEMvar)(R2adj=0.539),而单个生境异质性因子对蚂蚁物种丰富度的影响均不显著;(3)最优模型由年均温(TEM)、海拔变化范围(ELErange)和年温度变化范围(TEMvar)组成,能够解释68.4%的蚂蚁丰富度地理分异。鉴于海拔变化范围更多地反映与温度相关的生境异质性,因此温度是限制中国蚂蚁分布的最重要因素。另外,分析结果还表明,海南、贵州、江西、四川、安徽和山西等6省蚂蚁区系调查最不充分,是未来发现蚂蚁新分布的热点地区。Understanding spatial patterns of species richness is a hot topic in macroecology because of its significance in biodiversity conservation. In many previous studies, current environmental variables representing energy and water availability have been considered as the main drivers of geographic diversity patterns. However, the roles of different environmental variables vary for different taxonomic groups and distinct biogeographic extents; therefore, there is no consensus among ecologists on which environmental variables are primary drivers of the spatial variation in species richness. China covers a wide range of latitudes and longitudes and has a wide range of variation in climate and vegetation （ e.g., from tropical rain forest in the south to boreal forest in the northwest and desert in the north and northwest）. Thus, China offers great opportunity for testing the relationships between species richness and environment. In the present study, geographic pattern of ant species richness in China and its relationships with environmental factors were investigated based on ant distribution data and environmental variables at a provincial scale. Several studies on the distribution of ants in other geographical areas show that temperature （energy） is the most important factor that determines ant species richness patterns. This conclusion might also apply to China. Therefore, four hypotheses were tested in the present study. （ 1 ） Compared to the mean annual precipitation, ant species richness pattern was more likely affected by the mean annual temperature. （2） Compared to the habitat heterogeneity associated with precipitation, ant species richness pattern was more affected by habitat heterogeneity associated with temperature. Since ants are ectotherms and their survivorship under low temperature in winter is critical for their populations and distribution, we further assumed that （3） compared to the mean annual temperature, mean temperature of the coldest month better explains the spatial differen

关 键 词：生物地理学 空间分布格局 温度 调查强度 

分 类 号：Q968[生物学—昆虫学]