洋山港海域细菌群落多样性的季节变化  

Seasonal variation of bacterial community diversity in Yangshan Port

作　　者：薛俊增[1] 肖南燕 王琼[1] 吴惠仙[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学船舶压载水检测实验室,上海201306

出　　处：《生态学报》2016年第23期7758-7767,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：上海市自然基金资助项目(15ZR1420900);海洋公益性行业科研专项资助项目(201305027);上海高校海洋科学一流学科建设资助项目;上海高校知识服务平台资助项目(ZF1206)

摘　　要：洋山深水港是中国大陆首个在远离陆地达30多km的海岛上建立的大型国际港口,水环境复杂;港口环境受港口建设和航运等人类活动的影响巨大。曾有学者针对洋山深水港海域表层海水中古菌多样性进行过调查和分析,但涉及包括细菌在内的微生物多样性尚未深入研究。利用高通量测序技术对洋山港海域细菌丰度、种类组成特征的季节变化进行了研究。结果表明该海域可培养细菌总数1.2—9.1×104CFU/m L,相比其他近岸海域和港口处于较低水平;该海域可培养细菌总数整体情况呈现夏季﹥秋季﹥冬季﹥春季,夏季的可培养细菌总数与其他季节区别明显。该海域优势类群为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和蓝藻门(Cyanobacteria),秋季、冬季和春季样品优势类群为γ-变形菌(γ-proteobacteria)和α-变形菌(α-proteobacteria),夏季样品优势类群为黄杆菌(Flavobacteriales)。秋季和冬季的优势类群为盐单胞菌属(Halomonas)和假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas),夏季则被聚球蓝细菌(Synechococcus)和黄杆菌属(Flavobacteriaceae)等代替。盐单胞菌属在洋山港海域内的秋冬春3季所占比例均接近或超过50%,是最具生长优势的细菌类群,是洋山港海域细菌群落中的优势类群,其生长情况同样存在季节性差异。群落多样性指数显示,该海域微生物多样性整体情况呈现夏季﹥春季﹥冬季﹥秋季,夏季相较其他季节而言,细菌种群较多,物种较为丰富,多样性程度高;秋冬两季微生物物种组成相对单一,多样性程度低。结合同时期环境因子,对洋山港海域细菌群落与环境因子数据进行了典范对应分析,结果显示影响洋山港细菌群落季节性差异的主要环境因子依次为总有机碳、盐度、叶绿素a和温度。海水温度和盐度等重要环境因子的季节变化,导致细菌优势类群存在明显的季节差异。Yangshan Port is an international port with a complex water environment, located on an island more than 30 kilometers from China's Mainland. Human activities, such as port construction and shipping, have a great impact on the environment around the port. Researchers have investigated and analyzed the archaeal diversity in the surface seawater of Yangshan Port; however, the diversity of bacteria in Yangshan Point has not been studied in depth. Seasonal variation of bacterial abundance and characteristics of community composition in Yangshan Port were investigated by using a high- throughput sequencing approach. We explored the seasonal variation in dominant groups, total cultivable bacteria, and relationships between microbes and environmental parameters. Results indicated that the density of total cultivable bacteria in Yangshan Port was 1.2--9.1×104 CFU/mL, which was lower than in other offshore areas and ports. The density of total cultivable bacteria was highest in summer, with a significant difference compared to the other three seasons; the order of total cultivable bacteria across various seasons was summer dominant groups differed across seasons. Diversity analyses 〉 autumn 〉 winter 〉 spring. Results also indicated that the revealed the presence of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Cyanobacteria. Dominant groups were ~/-proteobacteria and oL-proteobacteria form autumn to spring, while Flavobacteriales dominated in summer. Autumn and winter were dominated by the Halomonas and Pseudomonas genera that were replaced by Synechococcus and Flavobacteriaceae in summer. The proportion of Halomonas was approximately 50% in autumn, winter, and spring; Halomonas was the most competitive of the bacterial community groups, however, there were also seasonal differences in its growth. Compared to the other three seasons, microbes were more abundant and diverse in summer; the order of bacterial diversity across various seasons was summer 〉 spring 〉 winter 〉 autumn. Bacterial community composition was relative

关 键 词：洋山港 细菌 多样性 高通量测序技术 

分 类 号：Q938[生物学—微生物学]