法医人类学在美国人身识别司法实践中的应用  

Application of Forensic Anthropology in Forensic Cases in the United States

作　　者：吴玲[1] 陈艾璐 

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学重庆高校物证技术工程研究中心,重庆401120

出　　处：《中国司法鉴定》2016年第6期65-69,共5页Chinese Journal of Forensic Sciences

摘　　要：确认死者身份是办理涉及人员失踪和暴力犯罪案件的关键,司法工作者可以运用一定的识别技术确认死者的身份以确保结论的准确性。通过介绍了法医人类学在美国人身识别司法实践中的应用情况,表明在当前的科技水平下,DNA分析和指纹识别是人身识别实务中最常用的技术。然而,当尸体白骨化或严重损毁时其DNA或指纹遭到破坏无法通过DNA分析技术或指纹识别技术进行人身识别时,只能采用研究白骨化人类残骸的法医人类学等非常规的识别方法,即通过对尸体骨骼等进行分析能够有效识别死者的性别、年龄、种族等生理特征,继而与失踪人员名单比对进行人身识别。Identifying the deceased is important in investigations of violence crimes and missing persons. Forensic practitioners usually confirm the identification of the deceased through certain techniques to ensure the accuracy of their conclusions. Nowadays, DNA analysis and fingerprint identification are the most commonly used methods in the practice of human identification. However, when these general identification methods become invalid due to extreme mutilation or skeletonization, unconventional methods such as forensic anthropology can be used, which analyze the skeleton of the deceased to verify the physiological features（i.e. gender/age/race）. Such physiological features are then compared with the missing persons list to identify the deceased. This paper mainly introduced the application of forensic anthropology in forensic cases in the United States.

关 键 词：法医人类学 生物画像 Daubert规则 Mohan规则 

分 类 号：DF795.4[医药卫生—法医学]