中微量元素肥料配合施用对水稻生长和产量的影响  

Effects of Combined Application of Medium-and Micro-element Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Rice

作　　者：胡时友[1] 刘凯[2] 马朝红[1] 郭智慧 张晓明[4] 唐一龙 张家学 

机构地区：[1]湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所,武汉430064 [2]湖北省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,武汉430064 [3]钟祥市农业局,湖北钟祥448270 [4]黄冈市土壤肥料工作站,湖北黄冈438000 [5]英山县土壤肥料工作站,湖北英山436700 [6]蕲春县农技推广中心,湖北蕲春435300

出　　处：《湖北农业科学》2016年第20期5196-5198,5206,共4页Hubei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家农业科技成果转化资金项目(2014GB2D100579);湖北省农业科学院竞争性计划项目(2016jzxjh011)

摘　　要：单施硅、锌、硼肥或锌硼硅肥配合施用,均可促进水稻生长,改善经济性状,其中锌肥对总苗数、株高和有效穗数的增加作用明显,硼肥则对穗实粒数、结实率和千粒重有较好的增加作用,硅肥对穗总粒数（穗长和大小）有较为明显的增加作用;硅、锌、硼等中微量元素肥料对水稻生长过程中发生的稻瘟病（苗稻瘟、叶稻瘟、穗颈瘟）、稻曲病有较好的抗性,对纹枯病有减轻作用,硅肥对水稻的抗倒作用则更为明显;4个县市的小区试验和大田示范结果表明,单施硅、锌、硼肥或配合施用,均能显著增产,小区试验的增产幅度为7.0%-13.7%,大田示范增产幅度为12.8%-14.7%,锌硼硅肥配合施用效果最显著。Applying silicon, zinc, and boron fertilizers could promote the growth and improve the economic traits of rice.Zinc fertilizer had a significant effect on the total number of seedlings, plant height and the number of effective spikes.Boron fertilizer could increase the grain number per panicle, seed setting rate and grain weight. Silicon fertilizer had obvious effect on the increase of panicle. Besides, silicon, zinc and boron fertilizer had better role in increasing the resistance of rice on rice blast（seedling rice blast, leaf blast and panicle blast）, false smut, and sheath blight. Silicon fertilizer also could improve the lodging resistance. The results of plot test and field demonstration in four counties and cities showed that single or combined application of silicon, zinc, and boron fertilizers could increase the yield of rice. The yield increase rages in plot test and field demonstration were 7.0%-13.7% and 12.8%-14.7%, respectively. The yield increasing effect of combined application of silicon, zinc, and boron fertilizers was the best.

关 键 词：水稻 硅肥 锌肥 硼肥 配合施用 产量 影响 

分 类 号：S143.7[农业科学—肥料学] S511[农业科学—农业基础科学]