小麦-苜蓿邻作带步甲科物种多样性及其时空动态  

Diversity and Temporal-Spatial Dynamics of Carabidae Community in Wheat-Alfalfa Neighboring Zone

作　　者：张艳荣[1] 胡文超[1] 吕苗苗[1] 洪波[1] 关晓庆[1] 贺达汉[1] 

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,银川750021

出　　处：《湖北农业科学》2016年第21期5551-5556,共6页Hubei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31260429);教育部高校博士点科研专项基金资助项目(20126401110003)

摘　　要：选取宁夏银川市贺兰山农牧场小麦-苜蓿邻作带为研究样地,对步甲科昆虫种类和个体数进行了调查,研究其邻作界面不同距离的小麦和苜蓿地步甲昆虫群落多样性及时空动态。结果表明,共采集步甲昆虫2 055头,分属20种,其中毛青步甲(Chlaenius pallipes)、彩角青步甲(Chlaenius touzalini)、谷婪步甲(Harpalus calceatus)分别占总个体数的37.81%、21.99%、16.25%,为该地区的优势种;步甲的发生具有明显的边缘正效应;Shannon-Wiener多样性指数为边际带>小麦带>苜蓿带,并随界面距离的加大小麦和苜蓿地步甲多样性趋于降低,距离带间差异显著;丰度和个体数变化与Shannon-Wiener指数变化趋势基本一致,但在不同距离带间步甲种类和个体数变化受调查时间的影响更大;优势种毛青步甲个体数量和群落多样性受农事操作的影响,麦地灌水主要影响步甲优势种个体数量的分布,苜蓿刈割影响不同田块步甲的多样性。本研究提示,利用农事操作可以限制天敌的转移,控制害虫爆发。Selecting the wheat-alfalfa neighboring zone of Henanshan farm in Yinchuan as research place,the sp ecies and quantity of Carabidae were surveyed to study the diversity and temporal-spatial dynamics of Carabidae community in different distance areas of wheat-alfalfa field near the neighboring interface. The results showed that,a total of 2 055 Carabidae belonging to 20 species were collected,in which Chlaenius pallipes,Chlaenius touzalini and Harpalus calceatus were dominant species in the zone,accounting for 37.81%,21.99% and 16.25% of the total number of individuals respectively. There was an obvious variation of positive edge effect in the occurrence of Carabidae. The diversity indices of Shannon-Wiener were arranged as the edge field〉wheat field〉alfalfa field,and the diversity of Carabidae in wheat and alfalfa field was reduced with the increase of interface distance,there were significant differences among edges. The variation trends of abundance,individual number were same as that of Shannon-Wiener index,but the species and individual variation of Carabidae in different distance edge were obviously influenced by the survey time. The temporal and spatial distribution dynamic of Chlaeniuspallipes individuals and Carabidae Shannon-Wiener diversity showed that the individual number of Chlaeniuspallipes and the diversity of Carabidae Shannon-Wiener were obviously influenced by agricultural activities. Wheat field irrigation mainly effected the distribution of Chlaeniuspallipes individual number,and alfalfa mowing effected the diversity of Carabidae in different plots. It was concluded that using the agriculture activities in different field could control the transfer of natural enemies and the outbreak of pests disaster.

关 键 词：步甲 物种多样性 边缘效应 时空动态 苜蓿-小麦邻作 

分 类 号：Q968.1[生物学—昆虫学]