“神舟十一号”飞船航天员医疗救护保障特点与应对策略  

The specialty and coping strategies of ＂ShenZhou 11＂ astronauts＇ rescue and medical aid

作　　者：谭荣[1] 顾建文[1] 李鲁[1] 杨鹤鸣[1] 贾付坤[1] 娄晓同[1] 宋海峰[1] 史铁钧[1] 刘骥[1] 吴洁[1] 周莉[1] 王媛[1] 

机构地区：[1]解放军306医院,北京100101

出　　处：《中华急诊医学杂志》2016年第12期1325-1328,共4页Chinese Journal of Emergency Medicine

摘　　要：目的总结我国载人航天主着陆场医疗救护保障经验，分析“神舟十一号”飞船返回特点，采取针对性措施，确保航天员医学救援保障有力。方法查阅国内外航天员急救的相关报道，总结“神舟五号”至“神舟十号”航天员医疗保障经验，结合“神舟十一号”在轨时间长、预定返回时间主着陆场天气寒冷的环境特点，提出相应的策略。结果在原有舱前急救、直升机急救平台的基础上调整了急救设备、优化了急救程序、添加了保暖衣物、配备了保温箱、隔热毯和自发热贴，引入骨髓穿刺快速输液措施，保证了寒冷及复杂天气环境下航天员意外伤害救治的能力和后送安全。结论“神舟十一号”飞船主着陆场区航天员医疗救护保障方案经过针对性的改进和流程优化，完全满足寒冷条件下航天员意外伤害的有效救治。Objective To ensure the medical security of the astronauts, new targeted strategies were adopted after summarizing the experience in Chinese astronauts rescue and medical aid at the main landing site, the specialty and characteristics of landing were analysied. Methods Search the publications about astronaut medical aid domestic and abroad, summarize the rescue and medical aid experiences from Shenzhou 5 to Shenzhou 10. In consideration of prolonged on-orbit time, the cold weather conditions at the landing zone of Shenzhou 11, new targeted strategies were presented. Results On the basis of the original helicopter emergency platform and first aid equipment, the emergency aid procedures were optimized, personal warm clothing, a heat preservation box, insulation blanket, self-heating pads and intraosseous rapid infusion system were used to ensure the medical security of astronauts in cold weather at the main landing site. Conclusions With the procedures optimized and the targeted strategies performed, the astronauts＇s rescue and medical aid project was fully meet the cold and complex conditions at main landing site.

关 键 词：航天员 急救 寒冷 医学保障 骨髓腔输液 

分 类 号：R851.1[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]