地下水埋深对胡杨(Populus euphratica)叶片形态结构和水力导度的影响  

Effects of Groundwater Level on Morphological,Anatomical Structure and Leaf Hydraulic Conductance of Populus euphratica

作　　者：王日照[1,2] 陈亚鹏[1] 陈亚宁[1] 潘莹萍 何广志[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2016年第5期1302-1309,共8页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41371515);国家支撑计划课题(2014BAC15B02)

摘　　要：植物光合器官形态解剖结构对叶片水力导度(Kleaf)有一定指示作用。对塔里木河下游4个地下水埋深下胡杨(Populus euphratica)叶片形态解剖结构和叶片最大水力导度(Kleaf-max)分析结果显示:(1)胡杨叶片具有明显的旱生结构特点。叶片较厚,等叶面,复表皮,栅栏组织发达,排列紧密,叶肉细胞中含有两种结晶体——棱晶和簇晶,叶脉密集,气孔下陷。(2)随着地下水埋深的增大,胡杨叶片厚度(LT)、表层厚度(ET)、栅栏组织厚度(PT)、栅海比(栅栏组织厚度/海绵组织厚度,PT/ST)、叶脉密度(LVD)、主脉导管直径(MVD)、气孔密度(SD)、Kleaf-max都出现显著增加趋势,气孔面积(SA)则呈显著减小趋势,表明胡杨叶片在受到水分胁迫下通过改变形态解剖结构和水分传输效率来适应干旱。(3)胡杨叶片Kleaf-max值与LT、ET、PT、PT/ST、LVD、MVD、SD有着极显著的正相关关系(P<0.01),与SA存在极显著的负相关关系(P<0.01),这表明胡杨叶片具有的形态解剖结构特征,是其叶片水力传导能力变化的基础。Structure is the basis of function,morphological and anatomical structure of photosynthetic organ can indicate their leaf hydraulic conductance（Kleaf）.In this paper,the relationships between morphological,anatomical structure parameters and leaf maximum hydraulic conductance（Kleaf-max）were analyzed at different groundwater depths in the lower reaches of Tarim River.The results showed that：（1）Populus euphratica leaf exhibited obvious xeric structure：leaf was thick and isobilateral,and the upper and lower epidermis were made up of two-storey cell.There were highly developed palisade tissue,highly developed leaf vein,sunken stomata and two types of crystals：prismatic crystal and clustered crystal in the mesophyll cells.（2）The study showed that leaf thickness（LT）,epidermal thickness（ET）,palisade tissue thickness（PT）,the ratio of palisade tissue thickness to spongy tissue thickness（PT/ST）,leaf vein density（LVD）,major vein vessel diameter（MVD）,stomatal density（SD）increased,stomatal area（SA）decreased as the groundwater depth increased.So we concluded that Populus euphratica changed the morphological and anatomical structure and leaf hydraulic conductance to adapt drought.（3）Kleaf-maxshowed significant positive correlations with LT,ET,PT,PT/ST,LVD,MVD,SD（P0.01）,while showing significantly negative correlation with SA（P0.01）.These indicted that the character of morphological and anatomical structure was the basis of P.euphratica leaf hydraulics.

关 键 词：胡杨(Populus euphratica) 形态解剖结构 叶片水力导度 塔里木河 

分 类 号：Q948.11[生物学—植物学]