祁连山中部亚高山草地作物系数估算  

Grass Crop Coefficient Based on the Estimated Evapotranspiration at the Subalpine Meadow of the Qilian Mountains

作　　者：高云飞[1,2] 赵传燕[2,3] 王清涛[1] 葛红元 王红义 林梅 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学生命科学学院,甘肃兰州730000 [2]兰州大学草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [3]兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃兰州730000 [4]张掖市林业局寺大隆林场,甘肃张掖734000

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2016年第5期1419-1425,共7页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(91425301)

摘　　要：利用Lysimeter蒸散仪于2011—2014年对祁连山中部黑河上游天涝池流域亚高山草地实际蒸散量进行观测。用FAO Penman-Monteith模型对草地参考蒸散量进行估算,根据草地植被高度结合气象数据,以估算日尺度作物系数,以估算的作物系数与模拟的参考蒸散量计算草地实际蒸散量,并用观测值进行验证。结果表明：FAO改进后的作物系数计算方法适合该区域草地作物系数的计算;以FAO Penman-Monteith模型估算的日蒸散量为0.50~7.26mm,生长季日均蒸散量有年际变化,2011年〉2014年〉2012年〉2013年。总体来看,土壤蒸发总量年际变化不大,影响蒸散量年际变化的主要部分是植被的蒸腾。Tianlaochi catchment is located in the upper reaches of the Heihe River Basin.Evapotranspiration of subalpine meadow was observed by micro-lysimeter from 2011 to 2014.Reference evapotranspiration（ET0）of the grass was estimated using the FAO Penman-Monteith model.The daily crop coefficients were calculated by the improved crop coefficient formula in relation to the weather data and the height of the grass.,The actual evapotranspiration was calculated by the estimated crop coefficient and reference evapotranspiration,which was tested by the observed evapotranspiration.The results show that the improved crop coefficient formula recommended by FAO is suitable to be used in the study area,the daily ET0 estimated by,FAO Penman-Monteith model ranges from0.50 to 7.26 mmd-1,the ET0 has inter-annual difference and the sequence of ET0 in the study period is 2011,2014,2012,2013.From measurement data,we find soil evaporation having a little inter-annual change,that means the transpiration of grass is a key component to control inter-annual different of ET0.From the study,we can draw a conclusion that the actual evapotranspiration of grass in the subalpine meadow can be estimated by crop coefficients and reference evapotranspiration,both depending on weather data which are easily obtained by automatic weather station.

关 键 词：作物系数 蒸散量 亚高山草地 黑河上游 

分 类 号：S283[农业科学—农业水土工程] P332.2[农业科学—农业工程]