地形对七姊妹山自然保护区植物丰富度及分布格局的影响  

Effect of Topography on Plant Species Richness and Distribution in Qizimei Mountains Nature Reserve

作　　者：熊斌梅 雷耘[2] 汪正祥[1,3,4] 李亭亭[1] 熊秀海 李中强[1,3,4] 张娥[1] 彭宗林 

机构地区：[1]湖北大学资源环境学院,武汉430062 [2]华中师范大学生命科学学院,武汉430070 [3]湖北省生物资源绿色转化协同创新中心,武汉430062 [4]区域开发与环境响应湖北省重点实验室,武汉430062 [5]武汉大学资源环境学院,武汉430072 [6]七姊妹山自然保护区管理局,湖北宣恩445500

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2016年第11期2307-2313,共7页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41471041);七姊妹山自然保护区管理局保护研究专项

摘　　要：该研究以七姊妹山自然保护区40个(20×20m2)植物群落调查样方为基础,并采用回归分析和典型对应分析(CCA)的方法研究该区地形对植物物种丰富度及植物分布格局的影响,以明确海拔、坡度、坡向、坡位等地形因子的相对重要性,为该区植物多样性的保护和管理提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)七姊妹山自然保护区40个调查样地共有植物633种,隶属133科,316属,其中乔木118种,灌木150种,草本365种。(2)曲线回归方程拟合结果显示,七姊妹山自然保护区植物物种丰富度分别与海拔、坡度具有显著相关性,物种丰富度沿海拔梯度升高而增大,沿坡度梯度先减少后增大之后又减小。(3)从植物的生活型来看,在所有海拔段,乔木物种丰富度始终低于灌木和草本植物;在低、中低海拔地带,灌木物种丰富度均高于乔木和草本植物;而在中、高海拔地带草本植物物种丰富度较大且高于乔木和灌木。(4)CCA排序结果表明,地形因子对植物物种的分布具有显著影响按其影响强度排序为海拔>坡度>坡位>坡向,说明海拔是影响该区植物物种分布最重要的地形因子。Species richness and distribution are closely related to topography factors （altitude, slope grade, slope aspect, slope position）, and study their relationship of Qizimei Mountains Nature Reserve is important to maintain and restore the plant diversity and the management of forest. Phytosociological method was used to investigate plant communities in Qizimei Mountains Nature Reserve. Furthermore, the regression analysis and canonical correspondence analysis were used to study the effect of topography on species richness and distribution pattern. The results showed that： （1） there were 633 plant species and it was belonging to 133 families and 316 genera. And it contained 118 species of trees, 150 species of shrubs and 365 species of herbs in 40 sample plots（20×20 m^2）. （2） The results of curve fitting indicated that the species richness was highly significantly correlated to altitude and slope （P〈0.05）, the species richness increase with increasing altitude and had a tendency with slope gradient that was after reducing first increase and then decrease. （3） The plant life form showed, at all altitudes, tree species richness was consistently lower than that of shrubs and herbs. Moreover, shrub species richness was higher than that of trees and herbs in low and mid low altitude zones. Besides, species richness of herbs in middle and high altitude areas was larger and higher than that of trees and shrubs. （4） Canonical correspondence analysis showed that the topographic factors had a great effect on species distribution （P = 0.002〈0.01） , and according to the impact intensity ranked as altitude〉slope〉slope position〉slope aspect, which indicated that altitude is the most significant factor for affecting the distribution of species in Qizimei Mountains Nature Reserve.

关 键 词：地形 物种丰富度 物种分布 典型对应分析 七姊妹山自然保护区 

分 类 号：Q948.114[生物学—植物学]