刺槐无性系开花结实生殖特性及杂交亲本选配  

Biological Characteristics on Sexual Reproduction and Selection on Hybrid Parents of Clones from Robinia pseud-oacacia

作　　者：荀守华[1] 乔玉玲[1] 毛秀红[1] 孙百友 张元帅 董元夫 姜丽娜[3] 

机构地区：[1]山东省林业科学研究院,济南250014 [2]费县国有大青山林场 [3]山东农业大学

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2016年第11期13-18,共6页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：国家林业公益性行业专项(201304116)

摘　　要：对‘鲁刺1’（R．pseudoacacia ‘Lu Ci 1’）、‘鲁刺7’（‘Lu Ci 7’）、‘鲁刺9’（‘Lu Ci 9’）、‘鲁刺57’（‘Lu Ci 57’）、‘鲁刺68’（‘Lu Ci 68’）、‘鲁刺152’（‘Lu Ci 152’）、‘兴刺1’（‘Xing Ci 1’）、‘兴刺15’（‘Xing Ci 15’）、‘晋刺4’（‘Jin Ci 4’）等20个刺槐无性系的开花物候期、生殖器官形态结构、花粉活力、人工授粉结实率、杂交种子发育期及杂种发芽率等开展了试验观测研究。结果表明：刺槐无性系在鲁中南山区开花物候期为4月下旬至5月上旬，单株开花持续时间5～7 d，单朵小花开放时间为2～3 d。花粉采收后干燥24 h和低温贮藏5 d后在MS培养基上培养6～8 h，萌发率分别为22％和20％。自人工授粉至种子生长发育成熟需要80～90 d。不同无性系组合人工控制授粉结实率差异较大，平均结实率8．47％，最高为21．28％，最低为零，‘鲁刺68’、‘兴刺15’和‘晋刺4’生殖能力较强，适宜做杂交父本；‘鲁刺57’和‘鲁刺152’作母本的组合结实率较高，且杂种发芽率较高，生殖能力较强，适宜做杂交母本。杂交种子2个年度（2013年、2014年）播种发芽率分别是22％和23％，不同无性系组合发芽率差异很大，最高达50％，最低为零。Observation and experiment were performed on flowering phenology , morphology structure of flowers and pods , artifi-cial controlled pollination seed setting rate , pollen vitality of Robni ia pseudoacacia‘Lu Ci 1’, ‘Lu Ci 7’, ‘Lu Ci 9’,‘Lu Ci 57’ ,‘Lu Ci 68’ ,‘Lu Ci 152’ ,‘Xing Ci 1’ ,‘Xing Ci 15’ ,‘Jin Ci 4’ etc., development length and germina-tion percentage of hybrid seed .The phonological periods of blossom was from the late of April to first ten-day period of May at the central-southern region of Shandong Province .The blooming period of single plant was 5-7 d, and the blooming peri-od of single flower was 2-3 d.The germination rate of pollens dried for 24 h and stored at low temperature for 5 d were 22%and 20%, respectively , after 6-h culture on MS medium .The seed growing period took 80-90d from artificial controlled pollination to maturation .The seed setting rate of cross pollination in between clones was with an average of 8.47%, most high of 21.28%.Sexual reproduction capacity was higher in the clones of ‘Lu Ci 68’ ,‘Xing Ci 15’ and‘Jin Ci 4’ , they were suitable for hybrid male parent .Seed setting rate and sexual reproduction capacity was higher in the clones of ‘Lu Ci 57’ and ‘Lu Ci 152’ , they were suitable for hybrid female parent .Germination percentage of hybrid-seeds was average of 22%-23%, the highest was 50%, the lowest was 0, and the difference from different combinations was achieved to ex-tremely significant level .

关 键 词：刺槐无性系 有性生殖 人工控制授粉 杂交亲本 结实率 

分 类 号：S722.34[农业科学—林木遗传育种]