调亏灌溉对冬小麦氮、磷、钾养分吸收与利用的影响  

Effect of Regulated Deficit Irrigation on Uptake and Utilization of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium for Winter Wheat

作　　者：孟兆江[1,2] 段爱旺[1,2] 高阳[1,2] 王晓森[1,2] 申孝军[1,2] 常晓[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所,新乡453002 [2]农业部作物需水与调控重点开放实验室,新乡453002

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2016年第12期203-212,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(51079153);国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(51309227);国家现代农业小麦产业技术体系专项经费项目(CARS-3-1-30);河南省科技攻关项目(科技攻关-2015);中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目;河南商丘农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站观测研究及数据信息系统建设项目

摘　　要：为研究调亏灌溉（Regulated deficit irrigation, RDI）对冬小麦氮、磷、钾养分吸收与利用的影响，采用防雨棚下盆栽方法，于2012—2013年和2013—2014年在黄淮海平原河南新乡连续进行了2a试验研究。冬小麦设置5个水分调亏阶段：三叶—越冬（I）、越冬—返青（II）、返青—拔节（III）、拔节—抽穗（IV）、抽穗—成熟（V）；每个生育阶段设置3个水分调亏度：轻度调亏（L）、中度调亏（M）和重度调亏（S），相对含水率（占田间持水量的百分数）分别为60%~65% FC（田间持水量）、 50%~55% FC和40%~45% FC；对照（CK）相对含水率为75%~85% FC。结果表明，越冬—返青的轻度（60%~65% FC）或中度（50%~55% FC）水分调亏复水后有利于氮、磷养分向籽粒运转与分配，而水分过多或过度亏水则导致养分过多分配至茎、叶等营养器官；抽穗—成熟期的适度调亏（50%~55% FC）有利于提高籽粒中氮、磷的含量，因而提高籽粒产量，改善籽粒品质；返青—拔节及其以前阶段的轻度（60%~65% FC）、中度（50%~55% FC）水分调亏有利于提高氮、磷养分利用效率，但水分调亏不利于钾素利用效率的提高。水分调亏，尤其是越冬期的轻度调亏（60%~65% FC）或拔节期的中度水分调亏（50%~55% FC）可显著增强作物对土壤氮素的吸收利用能力，从而减少肥料氮在土壤中的残留量。说明RDI可有效调控作物养分吸收与分配，实现节水、节肥、高产、优质和高效目标。A better understanding of the effects of irrigation model on soil nutrients is important to agronomists and farmers for developing management packages with high-yield, good-quality and low water and fertilizer applications. A pot-based experiment with winter wheat cultivar （Triticum aestivum L.） was conducted under rainproof shelter during the growing seasons of 2012—2013 and 2013—2014 to investigate the effects of regulated deficit irrigation （RDI） on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake and utilizations in Xinxiang City of Henan Province, in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China. The experimental treatments included five growth stages （I, three leaves-winter;II, winter-beginning of spring growth;III, beginning of spring growth-stem elongation;IV, stem elongation-ear emergence and V, ear emergence-maturity） and three levels of water deficit （60%~65% FC （field capacity）, 50%~55% FC, and 40%~45% FC for light, moderate, and severe deficit, respectively） were laid out in a randomised complete block design with three replicates. A non-deficit control （CK） （75%~85% FC from sowing to maturity） with three replications was also included. The results indicated that light or moderate water deficit at winter-beginning of spring growth stage benefited nutrients translocation and distribution in the grains, and excess of water in the soil or inapplicable water deficit resulted in increase of proportion of nutrients accumulation in vegetative organs. Appropriate water deficit （50%~55% FC） during ear emergence-filling stage was able to increase nitrogen and phosphorus contents in grains, and then increase grain yield and improve quality. Light water deficit or moderate water deficit during beginning of spring growth-stem elongation stage was favorable to improve nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiencies, but water deficit at any stages was unfavorable to increase potassium use efficiency. The results also showed that appropriate water deficit （especially light water deficit at winter stage

关 键 词：冬小麦 灌溉 调亏灌溉 养分吸收 养分利用效率 

分 类 号：S275[农业科学—农业水土工程] S512.1[农业科学—农业工程]