生物炭对鸡粪好氧堆肥主要氮素形态含量影响与保氮机制  

Impacts of Biochar on Major Forms Contents and Conservation Mechanism of Nitrogen during Aerobic Composting of Chicken Manure

作　　者：刘宁[1] 周嘉良[1] 马双双[1] 韩鲁佳[1] 黄光群[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学工学院,北京100083

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2016年第12期233-239,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划项目(NCET-12-0524);国家国际科技合作专项(2015DFA90370)

摘　　要：生物炭对鸡粪好氧堆肥过程氮素形态含量影响及保氮机制的研究对有害气体减排、氮素减损控制以及好氧堆肥工艺的深度优化具有重要意义。以鸡粪和麦秸为主要原料,通过添加适量生物炭,利用实验室智能型好氧堆肥反应器系统进行了好氧堆肥试验。基于获取的主要理化、生物学指标以及氮素存在形态动态数据,结合扫描电镜和主要种类微生物数量动态变化分析,研究了好氧堆肥过程主要氮素形态含量变化并初步阐释了生物炭保氮机制。研究结果表明:添加生物炭有利于鸡粪好氧堆肥过程氨气减排和减少氮素损失;堆肥过程氨气排放量与铵态氮浓度和硝态氮浓度分别呈显著正相关关系(r=0.783,p=0.037<0.05)和高度显著负相关关系(r=-0.941,p=0.017<0.05)。生物炭多孔结构能有效吸附铵态氮和氨气等氮素物质,降低堆体铵态氮浓度,进而减少氨气挥发;生物炭能为硝化细菌等微生物群落提供适宜的环境,有利于促进硝化反应并抑制氨气挥发。It is of great significance to investigate the impacts of biochar on the quantity of major nitrogen forms and conservation mechanism of nitrogen during aerobic composting of chicken manure, which could provide some theoretical supports for future study on NH3 emission, nitrogen loss, and composting process optimization. Chicken manure and wheat straw were used as primary materials, and proper amount of biochar was added to conduct aerobic composting with an intelligent aerobic composting reactor system. Based on the physicochemical and biological indicators and dynamic data of major nitrogen forms, combined with analysis of scanning electron microscopy and the quantity variation of main microbial communities, the quantity variation of major nitrogen forms was studied and the conservation mechanism of nitrogen was illustrated. Conclusions were drawn as follows： adding proper amount of biochar could yield less NH3 emission and nitrogen loss;there were significant positive correlation between NH＋4-N concentration and NH3 emission （r=0.783, p=0.037〈0.05）. There were highly significant negative correlation between NO-3-N concentrationand NH3 emission （r=-0.941, p=0.017〈0.05）. The results showed that cellular structure of biochar could effectively adsorb various nitrogen such as NH3 and NH＋4-N, reduce NH＋4-N concentration in the pile, and thus reduce the NH3 emission effectively. In addition, biochar could provide appropriate refuge for nitrifying bacteria, promote the nitration reaction, and then inhibit NH3 volatilization.

关 键 词：鸡粪 生物炭 好氧堆肥 氮素 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程] S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]