烟梗(末)有机肥对烟田土壤养分、病害发生及烟叶产质量的影响  被引量:19

Effects of waste tobacco organic fertilizer on tobacco field soil nutrients,tobacco disease incidence and tobacco yield and quality

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作  者:耿明明[1] 赵建 贾瑞莲[1] 罗玉英 张长华 梁永江 袁玲[1] 

机构地区:[1]西南大学资源环境学院,重庆市北碚区天生路2号400716 [2]贵州省遵义市烟草公司

出  处:《烟草科技》2016年第12期28-34,共7页Tobacco Science & Technology

基  金:遵义市烟草公司科技项目"废弃烟末(烟梗)处理与循环利用技术研究"(2013-22)

摘  要:为资源化利用废弃烟梗(末),通过连续3年的田间试验,研究了复烤厂废弃烟梗(末)有机肥对烟田土壤养分、病害发生和烟叶产质量的影响。结果表明,在烟梗(末)有机肥与化肥配施的土壤中,有机质含量增加,土壤pH无显著变化,烤烟生长后期土壤碱解氮含量与单施化肥处理相近,但土壤有效磷和速效钾含量显著高于单施化肥处理。烟梗(末)有机肥与商品有机肥均可显著降低烟草花叶病、青枯病、黑胫病及赤星病的发病率及病情指数,且烟梗(末)有机肥与化肥配施的防治效果优于单施烟梗(末)有机肥。烟梗(末)有机肥与化肥配施处理的烟叶产量、产值、均价和上中等烟比例分别比单施化肥处理增加4.82%、3.91%、7.69%和2.42%,且与商品有机肥配施化肥的效果相当。烟梗(末)有机肥与化肥配施的烟叶钾和总糖含量分别比单施化肥处理提高22.51%和12.43%,烟碱含量有所降低。因此,烟梗(末)有机肥具有商品有机肥的肥力效应。To make better use of waste tobacco stems and dusts, a field experiment was carried out for three consecutive years to study the influences of TOF (organic fertilizer containing waste tobacco from tobacco redrying factory) on the soil nutrients in tobacco fields, the incidence of tobacco disease, and the yield and quality of tobacco leaves. The results showed that: 1) In the TOF applied soils combined with CF (chemical fertilizer), the contents of organic matters were increased, soil pH did not change significantly, the content of alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen was similar to that of CF treatment at late growing stage of flue-cured tobacco, while the contents of available P and K were significantly higher than those of CF. 2) Both TOF and COF (commercial organic fertilizer) significantly decreased the incidence and disease index of Tobacco mosaic virus, bacterial wilt, black shank and brown spot, and the control efficiency of TOF combined with CF was better than TOF. 3) There was no significant difference between the treatment of TOF combined with CF and thetreatment of CF combined with COF in terms of the mean price, yield, output value and high and middle grade proportion of tobacco leaves. Comparing with CF treatment, the contents of potassium and total sugars in tobacco leaves in the TOF treatment combined with CF were increased by 22.51% and 12.43%, respectively; while the content of nicotine decreased slightly. Therefore, the fertility of TOF is similar to that of COF.

关 键 词:烟梗(末)有机肥 土壤 病害 烟叶 产量 品质 

分 类 号:S572.06[农业科学—烟草工业]

 

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