氮肥运筹对苗期受渍夏玉米子粒灌浆特性和产量的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on Grain Filling Characteristics in Summer Maize under Waterlogging at the Seedling Stage

作　　者：武文明[1] 王世济[1] 陈洪俭[1] 魏凤珍[2] 李金才[2] 

机构地区：[1]安徽省农业科学院烟草研究所/玉米研究中心,合肥230031 [2]安徽农业大学农学院,合肥230036

出　　处：《玉米科学》2016年第6期120-125,共6页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：安徽省农业科学院学科建设基金项目(16A0927;15A0926)

摘　　要：以玉米品种郑单958为试验材料,研究氮肥全部基施（N1）、基肥70%＋拔节肥30%（N2）、基肥50%＋拔节肥50%（N3）和基肥30%＋拔节肥50%＋大喇叭口肥20%（N4）不同氮肥运筹方式对苗期受渍夏玉米子粒灌浆特性及产量的影响,利用Logistic方程比较不同处理的玉米子粒灌浆过程。结果表明,渍水处理降低子粒千粒重最大潜力值,降幅达5.5%-10.3%;灌浆持续期缩短,最高达9 d;平均灌浆速率降低,最大灌浆速率出现的时间提前。氮肥后移较氮肥前移处理提高子粒最大潜力值;平均灌浆速率增大,最高达22.4%;最大灌浆速率出现＂滞后性＂,最高延迟13.8%,有利于减轻苗期渍害对子粒灌浆特性的影响。通径分析表明,最大灌浆速率出现的时间、平均灌浆速率和渐增期灌浆速率对粒重影响较大,表现为Tm〉Va〉V1。苗期渍水抑制子粒灌浆速率,导致夏玉米产量下降,降幅达24.2%-25.7%,氮肥后移能够减轻苗期渍害对产量的影响。Field experiments were carried out to clarify the grain yield and grain filling characteristics of maizeafter waterlogging in the seedling stage using summer maize cultivar＂Zhengdan958＂. Under waterlogging and con-trol（normal watering） conditions, four N application treatments with different N application ratios were implemented.The results showed that waterlogging stress in the seedling stage decreased the final grain weight by 5.5%–10.3%,duration of grain filling and average grain filling stage also decreased, while the date of the maximum grain fillingrate occurred advanced by 3.1%. Postponed nitrogen application increased the average grain filling rate and themaximum grain filling rate occurred delayed, the results indicate that postpone of nitrogen application can alleviatethe effect of waterlogging on the grain filling characteristics. Path analysis results showed that the date of maximumgrain filling rate occurred, average grain filling rate and early duration stage had positive relationship with finalgrain weight.Waterlogging stress in the seedling stage decreased grain filling rate, which results in grain yield signifi-cantly decreased by 24.2%–25.7%, postponed nitrogen application was able to alleviate the effect of waterloggingon grain yield.

关 键 词：夏玉米 渍水 氮肥后移 灌浆特性 产量 

分 类 号：S513.062[农业科学—作物学]