小五台山亚高山草甸的群落特征及物种多样性  

Community characteristics and species diversity of subalpine meadows in Xiaowutai Mountain

作　　者：白晓航[1] 张金屯[1] 曹科[1] 王云泉[1] Sehrish Sadia 曹格[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学生命科学学院,北京100875

出　　处：《草业科学》2016年第12期2533-2543,共11页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31170494)

摘　　要：采用样带和样方相结合的方法沿海拔梯度取样,利用数量生态学方法对小五台山国家级自然保护区亚高山草甸群落进行分析。结果表明,1)双向指示种分析(TWINSPAN)将该区的草甸群落分为9个类型;2)RDA排序结果较好地反映出群落分布格局与环境梯度的关系,各个群落类型在前两轴分异明显;第一轴反映了群落分布格局与坡向、土壤温度、海拔、土壤厚度极显著相关(P<0.01),与土壤湿度显著相关(P<0.05);第二轴反映了群落分布格局与坡度、土壤厚度极显著相关(P<0.01);3)环境因子的蒙特卡罗随机置换检验表明,坡向、海拔、坡度显著影响群落分布(P<0.05),对植被类型的形成具有关键作用;4)草甸群落Patrick丰富度指数随着海拔的升高呈下降趋势,随着坡向值的增加、土壤温度的升高呈逐渐上升趋势;Shannon-Wiener多样性指数随土壤厚度的增大呈微小下降趋势;Pielou均匀度指数随着海拔的升高、土壤湿度的增大呈上升趋势,随着坡向值的增加、土壤温度的升高呈逐渐下降趋势;Simpson优势度指数随着坡度的增大表现出微小的下降趋势,随土壤厚度的增大呈上升趋势。We took samples along the elevation gradient using the combined method of quadrats and belt transects,and we analysed subalpine meadows in the Xiaowutai Mountain Nature Reserve using quantitative ecological methods.TWINSPAN and RDA were used to analyse the relationship between vegetation and environmental variables.Species diversity indexes were used to explain the relationships between the changes inspecies diversity and environmental factors.The results showed that TWINSPAN classified all samples into nine groups representing nine plant communities.RDA ordination clearly reflected the relationships between the distribution patterns of subalpine meadow communities and environmental gradients.The distribution pattern of communities was obvious in the first axis and second axis gradient.The first axismainly represented the relationship with slope aspect,soil temperature,elevation,soil thickness（P〈0.01）,and soil moisture gradients（P〈0.05）.In addition,the second axis mainly represented the relationship with slope and soil thickness（P〈0.01）.The statistical significance of the effect of each variable was tested by a Monte Carlo permutation test,and slope aspect,elevation,and slope were significantly related to species data（P〈0.05）.The three environmental factors played an important role in the community distribution pattern.The Patrick richness index declined with increasing elevation,and showed an increasing trend with increasing slope aspect and soil temperature.The Shannon-Wiener diversity index exhibited a declining trend with increasing soil thickness.The Pielou evenness index exhibited an increasing trend with increasing altitude and soil moisture,and decreased with increasing slope aspect and soil temperature.The Simpson dominance index showed a slightly decreasing trend with increasing slope,and an increasing trend with increasing soil thickness.

关 键 词：草甸群落 双向指示种分析 冗余分析 物种多样性 

分 类 号：Q948.15[生物学—植物学]